Fig. 7
From: Nonlinear triggering process of whistler-mode emissions in a homogeneous magnetic field
Perpendicular velocity distribution of energetic electrons \(h(v_{\perp 1}\), \(v_{\perp 2})\) observed at \(x=204.8\ c\Omega _e^{-1}\) (after integration over \(x=203.2\)–\(206.4\ c\Omega _e^{-1}\)) and \(t=\) t0–t4. a Initial distribution \(h_0\). b–e \(\Delta h=h-h_0\). f Configuration of the wave magnetic field \(B_w\), wave electric field \(E_w\), wave vector k, and perpendicular velocity of an electron \(v_\perp\)