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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 11 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 11

From: A confirmation of vertical acoustic resonance and field-aligned current generation just after the 2022 Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption

Fig. 11

A schematic illustration on the relation among volcanic eruption, its geomagnetic conjugate point, field-aligned current generation, electric field mapping, ionospheric current (Hall current), its magnetic effect on the ground. In this figure, the symbol ‘V’ indicates the neutral atmospheric velocity in the ionospheric dynamo layer (mainly E-layer) caused by the eruption, Ep denotes polarized electric field, and V × B indicate the Lorentz electric field

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