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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 8 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 8

From: Electromagnetic conjugacy of ionospheric disturbances after the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption as seen in GNSS-TEC and SuperDARN Hokkaido pair of radars observations

Fig. 8

a Model calculation of electron density in the F region for the case the electric field oscillating with a period of 36 min and amplitude of 100 m/s for \(\mathbf{E}\times \mathbf{B}\) drift. Solid line and dotted line indicate peak altitude of electron density and original peak altitude of electron density without electric field oscillation, respectively. b Temporal variation of TEC (black) and plasma drift velocity (red) perturbations. TEC is an integration of the electron density from 200 to 600 km in altitude

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