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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Ionospheric signatures of repeated passages of atmospheric waves by the 2022 Jan. 15 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption detected by QZSS-TEC observations in Japan

Fig. 1

Distribution of all (gray dots) and selected (dark red squares) GEONET GNSS stations, and selected Soratena weather sensor stations (triangles). Red circles indicate sub-ionospheric points (SIPs) for J07 (QZSS geostationary satellite). When we observe QZSS quasi-zenith orbit satellites (J01, 02, 03), SIPs stay close to the GNSS stations. Distances from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano are indicated with black lines. The location of the volcano (red star), short and long paths from the volcano to Japan (blue and green curves) are given in the inset map

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