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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Ionospheric signatures of repeated passages of atmospheric waves by the 2022 Jan. 15 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption detected by QZSS-TEC observations in Japan

Fig. 3

Pressure anomalies as a function of time (horizontal axis) and the distance from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano (vertical axis, unit km), obtained as residuals from best-fit degree-9 polynomials over the four time intervals (boundaries shown as thick vertical bars in green at 20, 36, and 52 h). The left and right color bars apply for a, d and b, c, respectively. The expected passage times calculated using the two velocities 0.300 km/s (LW) and 0.225 km/s (IGW) are indicated with thick and thin broken lines, respectively. The three panels in a–c show the close-up views of the time windows including the three passages of LW

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