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Fig. 5 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5

From: Ionospheric signatures of repeated passages of atmospheric waves by the 2022 Jan. 15 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption detected by QZSS-TEC observations in Japan

Fig. 5

VTEC time series at 7 GNSS stations, whose SIPs located along the small circle with the distance ~ 8000 km from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcano. Shapes of the peaks associated with the first passage are diverse, e.g., one small/simple peak at 0019, two peaks at 0165/0049, and strong/complicated peaks at 0099. See Fig. 4 caption for details. The VTEC changes during the first LW passage (t = 7–18) are magnified in Additional file 1: Fig. S1b

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