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Table 7 Performance of different shadow models by ISL check (\({N}_{\mathrm{points}}\): Number of observation points; unit: mm)

From: Comparison of shadow models and their impact on precise orbit determination of BeiDou satellites during eclipsing phases

ISL

Shadow model

Mean

RMS

STD

\({N}_{\mathrm{points}}\)

C19–C23

3dishes

− 68.2

110.4

86.8

1583

PPM

− 64.0

108.6

87.0

1586

PPMatm

− 62.0

107.6

87.2

1591

SOLAARS-CF

− 62.3

107.8

87.1

1591

C21–C23

3dishes

− 75.1

115.5

87.9

1068

PPM

− 73.5

112.6

87.6

1077

PPMatm

− 71.4

111.1

88.0

1083

SOLAARS-CF

− 71.6

111.2

88.0

1083

C27–C22

3dishes

− 46.4

106.3

95.7

597

PPM

− 42.1

102.2

94.9

597

PPMatm

− 38.6

100.1

94.6

601

SOLAARS-CF

− 38.3

99.5

94.5

601

C30–C22

3dishes

− 5.5

121.3

118.2

961

PPM

− 4.1

118.7

117.9

961

PPMatm

− 3.3

116.5

117.6

961

SOLAARS-CF

− 3.1

116.4

117.5

961