Skip to main content

Table 3 Eruption description

From: Analog field-scale acoustic study of volcanic eruption directivity using a tiltable liquid nitrogen-charged water cannon

 

Max. measured vapor velocity (m/s)

Max. measured vapor height (m)

Max measured ball velocity (m/s)

Max measured ball height (m)a

Explosion description

Exp 9 (vertical)

60 (n = 2)

6.3

12.2–15.3 (n = 5)

9.4

Vapor jet narrow vertical explosion, most balls went height and landed close to barrel, slight asymmetric distribution (northeast)

Exp12 (24°)

28.3 (n = 3)

5.1

10.6–21.7 (n = 7)

4.5

Fanned vapor jet, balls landed farther from barrel strongly asymmetric distribution (northeast)

  1. aMeasured from base of explosion above ground