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Table 1 Error sources and estimation methods. (EES) end-to-end simulation; (A) analysis; (M) measurement

From: Swarm Thermal Ion Imager measurement performance

Error source

A

M

EES

Particle counting noise

  

X

MCP pulse height noise

  

X

CCD dark noise

  

X

Total detector noise

 

X

X

Faceplate bias noise

  

X

Aperture misalignment

 

X

 

Inner dome bias noise

 

X

X

End-to-end detector gain variations

X

 

X

Angular misalignment

X

  

Thermal de-centering

X

  

Solar UV contamination

 

X

 

Automatic gain control

X

  

Charge-transfer inefficiency

X

  

Satellite attitude control

  

X

Satellite attitude errors

  

X

Satellite velocity

X

  

Satellite position

X

  

Satellite potential

  

X

Satellite sheath (thin approximation)

  

X

Magneto-torquer field

X

  

Minor ions

  

X

Galactic cosmic ray events

  

X

Atomic hydrogen ions

  

X

Electric field fine structure (16 Hz)

  

X

Geomagnetic field errors

X

  

Transfer function truncation

  

X

Transfer function coefficient calibration errors

X

 

X