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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 1 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1

From: Development of miniaturized pick-up amplification circuit for plasma particle detectors on board satellites

Fig. 1

Illustration of the principle of TOF-based ion energy-mass analysis. The energy analyzer determines the energy per charge. When ions pass through the ultra-thin carbon foil, secondary electrons are generated. The incoming ions and secondary electrons are separately detected by the MCP. The electron cloud emitted from the MCP is collected by the anode and becomes a current pulse. Fast amplifiers receive the current and supply “START” and “STOP” signals to the TDC. The particle velocity is calculated from the difference in the detection timing between the START and STOP signals. Finally, the particle mass-per-charge is determined from the energy-per-charge and particle velocity information

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