Table 2 Résumé of the latest studies regarding ascent mechanisms and velocities
References | Time | Process | Magnetic system | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mixing-to-eruption timescales | ||||
Pelullo et al. (2022a) | Decades | Mafic recharge of evolved shallow reservoir | Agnano-Monte Spina eruption (∼4.7 ka) | Compositional zoning in clinopyroxene crystals |
Iovine et al. (2017) | 2–60 years | Shoshonite injection in phonolitic reservoir | Agnano-Monte Spina eruption (∼4.7 ka) | Diffusion chronometry performed on sanidine crystals |
Perugini et al. (2015) | Minutes to hours | Shoshonite injection in phonolitic reservoir | Agnano Monte Spina (∼4.7 ka), Astroni 6 (4.1–4.3 ky), and Averno 2 (∼3.7 ka) | Concentration Variance Decay |
Astbury et al. (2018) | Hours to days | Shoshonite injection in phonolitic reservoir | Astroni 6 (4.1–4.3 ky) | Thickness of final recharge zones and outermost rims |
Perugini et al. (2010) | 2 and 9 days, respectively | Shoshonite injection in phonolitic reservoir | Astroni 6 (4.1–4.3 ky) and Averno 2 (∼3.7 ky) | Diffusive Fractionation Method |
Magma residence times and non-mixing-related timescales | ||||
Fabbrizio and Carroll (2008) | Hours to a max of 1–2 days | Evolution of trachy-phonolite magma during ascent | Breccia Museo Eruption (40 ky) | Dissolution rate data of biotites |
Pappalardo and Mastrolorenzo (2012) | Hours to a max of 1–2 days | Volatile-rich trachytic layer at the top of a wide magma reservoir by magmatic differentiation, which could then erupt explosively | Campanian Ignimbrite (40 ky) | Cristal Size Distribution (CSD) |
Arienzo et al. (2011) | 6.4 ± 2.1 ka | Magma assembly prior the CI caldera forming eruption | Campanian Ignimbrite (40 ky) | U–Th isotopic dating |
Arzilli et al. (2018) | Days | Magma residence time under non-equilibrium conditions | Campi Flegrei Caldera (last 40 ky) | Element partitioning between alkali feldspar and trachytic melts |
D'Oriano et al. (2005) | Days | Syn-eruptive crystallization | Monte Nuovo (1538 AD) | Cristal Size Distribution (CSD) |
Piochi et al. (2005) | Few days to tens of days | Evolution magmas falling near the trachyte-phonolite boundary | Monte Nuovo (1538 AD) | Cristal Size Distribution (CSD) |
Arzilli et al. (2016) | Hours to two days | Evolution of trachy-phonolite magma | Monte Nuovo (1538 AD) | Cristal Size Distribution (CSD) |
Days to years | Volatile recharge and pressurization of the deep system (7.5–8.5 km) | Astroni 1 (4.1–4.3 ka) | Volatile variations in apatite and hydrous glasses | |
Di Vito et al. (2016) | ~ 300 years | Pre-eruptive magma residence times | Monte Nuovo (1538 AD) | Based on the Uplift history |
Bonechi et al. (2022) | ~ 10 ka | Filling of the deep reservoir at 25 km from the mantle source by a melt of alkali basalt composition supposed at ~ 50 km | Campi Flegrei Caldera (last 40 ky) | Mobility by density contrast between the melt and the surrounding permeable crystalline matrix |