Fig. 5

Differences in ion production rate between the pre-flare and flare peak by GAIA with RUN-Ff. Differences in ion production rate between the pre-flare and flare peak at 130°E and 34°N calculated by GAIA with RUN-Ff for the X1.1 class flare that occurred on November 8, 2013. Differences in the ionization rates for a total ion, b O⁺, c O₂⁺, d N⁺, e N₂⁺ as a function of the wavelength of solar emission (unit: Log10 (W m⁻² nm⁻¹). f Differences in the altitude distribution of the ionization rates of each ion. The solid and dotted lines indicate the ionization rates of each ion at the flare peak (4:24 UT) and the pre-flare (4:00 UT), respectively