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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 5 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5

From: Upward propagation of gravity waves and ionospheric perturbations triggered by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption

Fig. 5

a Height‒latitude distribution of the meridional energy flux associated with GWs averaged a period from 04:00 UT to 05:00 UT (vectors). Color contour indicates the upward energy flux. b As in (a) but for a period from 05:00 UT to 06:00 UT. c As in (a) but for a period from 06:00 UT to 07:00 UT. d As in (a) but for a period from 07:00 UT to 08:00 UT. Units are \(\mathrm{kg }{\mathrm{m}}^{-1} {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\)

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