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Earth, Planets and Space

Table 3 Chemical compositions (in weight percent) of melt inclusions in the phenocrysts within eruptives from the 1235, 1716–17, 2011, and 2018 eruptions analyzed by EPMA and SIMS. The major element compositions were recalculated on a volatile (H2O, CO2, S, and Cl)-free basis. Refer to Table 1 for sample names and inclusion numbers

From: Magma ascent and degassing processes of the 2011 and 2017–18 eruptions of Shinmoedake in Kirishima volcano group, Japan, based on petrological characteristics and volatile content of magmas

Sample name

1235S

   

1716-17GP

   

Inclusion Noa

TS-p1i1

TS-p2i1

TS-p3i1

TS-p3i2

KP-p1i1

KP-p2i1

KP-p3i1

KP-p4i1

Host phenocrystb

ol

cpx

cpx

cpx

pl

cpx

cpx

cpx

Host chemistryc

Fo73

Wo41En41Fs18

Wo41En44Fs15

Wo41En44Fs14

An63

Wo42En42Fs16

Wo42En42Fs16

Wo44En41Fs15

Inclusion size (max, mm)

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.08

0.06

0.05

0.05

Accompanying phased

        

Bubble (vol%)e

        

Overgrowth (in weight)f

0.053

       

SiO2

59.44

63.45

68.14

65.90

72.91

72.03

71.14

62.17

TiO2

1.16

0.57

1.05

1.14

0.66

0.66

0.74

0.92

Al2O3

15.26

15.08

17.12

17.27

14.49

13.26

13.17

15.74

FeOt

8.37

5.68

2.67

2.87

1.60

3.48

3.94

7.26

MnO

0.18

0.20

0.08

0.11

0.04

0.10

0.10

0.19

MgO

3.57

2.86

1.03

1.64

0.26

0.85

0.84

1.86

CaO

7.92

6.80

4.58

5.82

2.53

2.87

2.57

5.55

Na2O

2.79

3.39

3.76

3.70

3.03

2.81

2.82

3.54

K2O

1.31

1.96

1.57

1.54

4.48

3.94

4.69

2.79

S

0.065

0.012

0.079

0.086

0.014

0.014

0.005

0.040

Cl

0.076

0.039

0.088

0.101

0.150

0.105

0.135

0.101

H2Og

3.1

3.7

3.1

3.2

2.0

2.4

2.6

0.8

CO2g

0.023

n.a

0.004

0.014

0.040

0.012

0.008

0.000

S(+ 6)/total Sh

0.8

n.a

n.a

0.9

0.9

0.9

n.a

1.0

log fO2i

-9

n.a

n.a

-9

-10

-10

n.a

−9

Fe(+ 2)/total Fej

0.7

n.a

n.a

0.7

0.7

0.7

n.a

0.6

FMQ (log unit)j

2.1

n.a

n.a

2.2

2.5

2.3

n.a

3.4

Sat. Press. (MPa)k

156/-

-/-

89/-

113/-

106/95

71/-

71/-

7/-

Temperature (ºC)l

(919)

(1053)

989

(1031)

953

969

(960)

1014

Pressure (MPa) (host-liquid)l

-

(520)

460

(470)

-

630

(570)

250

KDm

(0.19)

(0.48)

0.30

(0.41)

0.06

0.20

(0.18)

0.21

Sample name

2011-1PP

      

Inclusion No.a

11-1P-p1i1

11-1P-p1i2

11-1P-p1i3

11-1P-p2i1

11-1P-p3i1

11-1P-p4i1

11-1P-p5i1

Host phenocrystb

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

Host chemistryc

Fo76

Fo75

Fo75

Fo74

Fo75

Fo76

Fo76

Inclusion size (max, mm)

0.09

0.05

0.04

0.04

0.07

0.06

0.04

Accompanying phased

A bubble (0.02)

   

A bubble (0.02)

A bubble (0.02)

Bubbles (< 0.001)

Bubble (vol%)e

1

   

2

4

 < 0.002

Overgrowth (in weight)f

0.024

  

0.009

 

0.003

0.037

SiO2

61.16

58.60

56.98

56.49

57.88

55.22

59.36

TiO2

0.75

0.78

0.99

0.73

0.74

0.98

0.00

Al2O3

14.21

17.37

17.92

17.38

18.21

19.58

18.52

FeOt

7.88

7.45

7.92

7.59

6.54

7.58

5.82

MnO

0.17

0.15

0.16

0.11

0.12

0.15

0.12

MgO

3.28

3.18

3.26

2.68

3.11

3.05

2.58

CaO

6.90

8.31

8.23

8.25

8.98

9.45

8.97

Na2O

2.81

2.89

3.23

5.31

3.28

2.86

3.35

K2O

2.84

1.27

1.30

1.45

1.14

1.12

1.27

S

0.161

0.144

0.143

0.160

0.144

0.151

0.151

Cl

0.121

0.063

0.066

0.069

0.060

0.068

0.070

H2Og

2.9/3.0

3.6

3.3

2.9

2.9/3.1

2.2/2.4

3.0/3.0

CO2g

0.001/0.004

0.022

0.015

0.040

0.013/0.090

0.008/0.097

0.013/0.013

S(+ 6)/total Sh

0.2

0.8

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.7

log fO2i

-10

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

-9

Fe(+ 2)/total Fej

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.7

FMQ (log unit)j

0.8

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.4

2.0

1.7

Sat. Press. (MPa)k

89/-

185/143

148/-

178/139

117/-

68/-

124/-

Temperature (ºC)l

(975)

999

998

975

(1008)

995

(860)

Pressure (MPa) (host-liquid)l

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

KDm

(0.23)

0.32

0.29

0.25

(0.36)

0.28

(0.16)

Sample name

2011-2SGP

        

Inclusion No.a

11-2SG-p1i1

11-2SG-p2i1

11-2SG-p3i1

11-2SG-p3i2

11-2SG-p4i1

11-2SG-p5i1

11-2SG-p6i1

11-2SG-p6i2

11-2SG-p7i1

Host phenocrystb

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

ol

Host chemistryc

Fo76

Fo76

Fo76

Fo77

Fo76

Fo76

Fo76

Fo76

Fo77

Inclusion size (max, mm)

0.05

0.08

0.15

0.06

0.03

0.03

0.09

0.12

0.08

Accompanying phased

  

A bubble(0.02)

 

A bubble(0.002)

A bubble(0.005)

  

2 bubbles (0.01)

Bubble (vol%)e

  

0.2

 

0.03

0.5

  

0.4

Overgrowth (in weight)f

 

0.021

 

0.034

0.013

0.027

   

SiO2

56.35

57.52

56.43

55.64

54.38

56.30

56.22

55.84

55.83

TiO2

0.89

0.87

0.90

0.82

0.93

0.84

0.88

0.86

0.86

Al2O3

17.76

17.32

17.65

17.53

20.01

17.71

17.77

17.92

18.16

FeOt

8.67

8.28

8.70

9.19

7.97

8.85

8.46

8.76

8.47

MnO

0.14

0.21

0.14

0.19

0.21

0.20

0.21

0.11

0.16

MgO

3.88

3.67

3.97

4.16

3.41

3.93

4.21

4.07

3.94

CaO

8.17

8.32

8.23

8.08

8.69

8.19

8.31

8.70

8.71

Na2O

2.83

2.59

2.72

2.54

3.22

2.76

2.80

2.72

2.76

K2O

1.31

1.20

1.25

1.84

1.18

1.22

1.14

1.02

1.10

S

0.151

0.157

0.148

0.129

0.167

0.152

0.154

0.160

0.152

Cl

0.056

0.065

0.059

0.092

0.063

0.065

0.053

0.054

0.063

H2Og

6.2

5.1

4.8/4.8

2.3

4.7/4.7

3.4/3.4

6.9

4.5

5.8/5.9

CO2g

0.025

0.025

0.024/0.033

0.003

0.022/0.023

0.054/0.099

0.028

0.030

0.022/0.034

S(+ 6)/total Sh

n.a

0.9

0.9

0.9

n.a

n.a

n.a

1.0

0.8

log fO2i

–

−8

−9

−8

–

–

–

− 8

− 9

Fe(+ 2)/total Fej

–

0.7

0.7

0.7

–

–

–

0.7

0.7

FMQ (log unit)j

–

2.2

2.1

2.4

–

–

–

2.6

1.9

Sat. Press. (MPa)k

414/-

313/225

285/210

62/-

272/205

240/193

486/-

272/206

370/-

Temperature (ºC)l

985

956

1008

(991)

959

(976)

(989)

1017

983

Pressure (MPa) (host-liquid)l

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

KDm

0.31

0.26

0.32

(0.22)

0.26

(0.24)

(0.36)

0.33

0.30

Sample name

2011-2SGP

        

Inclusion No. a

11-2SG-p8i1

11-2SG-p9i1

11-2SG-p10i1

11-2SG-p11i1

11-2SG-p12i1

11-2SG-p13i1

11-2SG-p13i2

11-2SG-p14i1

11-2SG-p15i1

Host phenocrystb

ol

ol

ol

ol

cpx

opx

opx

opx

opx

Host chemistryc

Fo76

Fo77

Fo77

Fo78

Wo43En40Fs17

Wo2En65Fs33

Wo2En64Fs34

Wo3En64Fs33

Wo3En66Fs32

Inclusion size (max, mm)

0.07

0.05

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.09

0.06

0.08

0.04

Accompanying phased

A bubble(0.015)

  

A bubble (0.01)

     

Bubble (vol%)e

1

  

2

     

Overgrowth (in weight)f

 

0.002

0.008

0.010

     

SiO2

57.71

56.07

55.94

52.49

73.33

74.23

73.52

71.62

72.31

TiO2

0.85

0.89

0.82

0.89

0.45

0.29

0.37

0.55

0.46

Al2O3

17.05

17.86

18.64

20.19

12.49

12.37

12.27

13.31

13.21

FeOt

8.34

8.53

7.97

8.13

2.70

3.50

4.09

4.32

3.59

MnO

0.20

0.15

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.06

0.10

0.06

0.07

MgO

3.85

3.84

3.51

3.70

0.74

1.00

1.08

1.01

0.90

CaO

8.17

8.99

8.99

9.56

2.28

2.03

2.16

2.47

2.12

Na2O

2.64

2.63

2.89

4.01

3.57

2.71

2.83

2.61

2.87

K2O

1.19

1.04

1.04

0.88

4.34

3.81

3.58

4.04

4.47

S

0.155

0.156

0.170

0.168

0.009

0.007

0.013

0.003

0.015

Cl

0.062

0.056

0.053

0.057

0.118

0.087

0.087

0.113

0.112

H2Og

4.6/4.7

7.0

5.9

3.0/3.1

1.4

3.7

3.5

3.6

2.6

CO2g

0.018/0.048

0.019

0.025

0.012/0.057

0.013

0.048

0.002

0.013

0.012

S(+ 6)/total Sh

n.a

0.8

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

log fO2i

–

− 9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Fe(+ 2)/total Fej

–

0.7

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

FMQ (log unit)j

–

2.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Sat. Press. (MPa)k

254/186

478/-

386/-

121/-

36/-

174/167

91/-

111/-

69/-

Temperature (ºC)l

1001

966

958

995

946

990

1053

985

981

Pressure (MPa) (host-liquid)l

–

–

–

–

380

–

230

–

–

KDm

0.31

0.30

0.28

0.25

0.25

0.32

0.31

0.27

0.27

Sample name

2011-4VB

      

Inclusion No.a

11-4 V-p1i1

11-4 V-p2i1

11-4 V-p3i1

11-4 V-p4i1

11-4 V-p5i1

11-4 V-p6i1

11-4 V-p7i1

Host phenocrystb

ol

ol

cpx

cpx

cpx

opx

opx

Host chemistryc

Fo75

Fo73

Wo44En40Fs16

Wo43En41Fs16

n.a

Wo2En69Fs29

Wo3En65Fs33

Inclusion size (max, mm)

0.05

0.15

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

Accompanying phased

 

A bubble (0.05)

     

Bubble (vol%)e

 

4

     

Overgrowth (in weight)f

       

SiO2

55.48

57.38

74.18

73.56

71.76

67.99

67.85

TiO2

0.79

0.81

0.45

0.46

0.62

0.51

0.37

Al2O3

18.88

16.98

11.79

11.63

13.09

14.79

13.85

FeOt

7.69

8.65

2.73

2.84

3.19

4.11

4.73

MnO

0.16

0.18

0.07

0.10

0.11

0.12

0.12

MgO

3.19

3.40

0.85

0.78

1.09

1.62

1.32

CaO

8.87

8.37

2.40

2.44

2.73

3.95

3.33

Na2O

3.58

2.92

2.87

3.57

3.45

3.53

4.40

K2O

1.35

1.31

4.67

4.61

3.97

3.38

4.03

S

0.162

0.143

0.007

0.009

0.014

0.039

0.034

Cl

0.067

0.071

0.131

0.129

0.115

0.125

0.141

H2Og

2.4

2.1/2.2

4.8

4.7

3.4

3.8

3.3

CO2g

0.036

0.027/0.267

0.031

0.016

0.016

0.019

0.028

S(+ 6)/total Sh

0.5

0.8

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

log fO2i

− 9

− 9

–

–

–

–

–

Fe(+ 2)/total Fej

0.8

0.7

–

–

–

–

–

FMQ (log unit)j

1.3

2.0

–

–

–

–

–

Sat. Press. (MPa)k

141/127

106/-

199/186

167/153

110/-

129/-

120/126

Temperature (ºC)l

1015

1041

930

925

–

(963)

988

Pressure (MPa) (host-liquid)l

–

–

600

450

–

–

–

KDm

0.31

0.33

0.27

0.24

–

(0.42)

0.31

Sample name

2018-1VGP

        

Inclusion No. a

18-1 V-p1i1

18-1 V-p2i1

18-1 V-p3i1

18-1 V-p3i2

18-1 V-p4i1

18-1 V-p5i1

18-1 V-p6i1

18-1 V-p6i2

18-1 V-p7i1

Host phenocrystb

cpx

cpx

cpx

cpx

opx

opx

opx

opx

opx

Host chemistryc

Wo44En41Fs15

Wo43En40Fs17

Wo44En41Fs15

Wo43En41Fs16

Wo3En71Fs26

Wo3En74Fs23

Wo2En66Fs32

Wo2En62Fs35

Wo3En63Fs35

Inclusion size (max, mm)

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.03

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.02

Accompanying phased

ap (0.005)

    

mt (0.005)

   

Bubble (vol%)e

         

Overgrowth (in weight)f

         

SiO2

75.83

72.35

71.25

74.60

66.11

59.72

68.27

75.35

75.11

TiO2

0.29

0.72

0.49

0.32

0.78

0.82

0.78

0.23

0.39

Al2O3

11.68

11.83

13.58

11.67

14.44

16.92

14.61

11.79

11.28

FeOt

1.89

4.64

2.61

2.08

5.99

5.63

4.19

3.32

3.33

MnO

0.03

0.05

0.04

0.06

0.16

0.15

0.05

0.10

0.03

MgO

0.70

0.76

1.03

0.67

1.29

3.40

1.49

0.86

0.82

CaO

1.92

2.34

2.88

1.84

4.39

7.34

3.59

1.58

1.93

Na2O

2.94

3.52

3.70

3.66

3.67

4.32

3.34

3.25

2.73

K2O

4.73

3.80

4.41

5.10

3.17

1.70

3.68

3.52

4.39

S

0.005

0.003

0.009

0.005

0.009

0.138

0.020

0.008

0.010

Cl

0.129

0.094

0.124

0.152

0.110

0.072

0.166

0.092

0.113

H2Og

3.5

0.5

2.2

3.2

1.2

5.0

2.3

3.1

2.7

CO2g

0.027

0.011

0.018

0.027

0.000

0.021

0.022

0.013

0.018

S(+ 6)/total Sh

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

0.7

n.a

n.a

n.a

log fO2i

–

–

–

–

–

–10

–

–

–

Fe(+ 2)/total Fej

–

–

–

–

–

0.8

–

–

–

FMQ (log unit)j

–

–

–

–

–

1.9

–

–

–

Sat. Press. (MPa)k

143/123

20/20

74/-

129/114

14/-

205/194

84/-

100/-

93/-

Temperature (ºC)l

925

(960)

974

930

(1086)

(1031)

(993)

955

968

Pressure (MPa) (host-liquid)l

590

(480)

540

510

(240)

(470)

(230)

20

120

KDm

0.31

(0.15)

0.32

0.28

(0.17)

(0.43)

(0.39)

0.33

0.31

  1. FeOt  total FeO
  2. aThe abbreviations (TS, KP, 11-1P, 11-2SG, 11-4 V and 18-1 V) are defined in Table 1. Numbers with "p" and numbers with "i" of each sample indicate each phenocryst and each inclusion
  3. bol = olivine, cpx = clinopyroxene,,opx = orthopyroxine, pl = plagioclase
  4. cChemical composition of host phenocrysts near the melt inclusions Fo = forsterite content (mol%) in the olivine. Wo En Fs = wollastonite, enstatite and ferosirite contents (mol%) in the pyroxene. An = anorthite content (mol%) in the plagioclase
  5. dAccompanying phases in the melt inclusions. ap = apatite, mt = magnetite. Numbers in parentheses represent maximum sizes of the bubbles, apatite and magnetite (mm)
  6. eVol% of bubble in inclusion. See text
  7. fExtent of the overgrowth in the olivine-hosted inclusions calculated from the chemical composition of the inclusions and their host olivines, assuming the temperature of the magma is 1030ºC (Suzuki et al. 2013b). The chemical compositions of the olivine-hosted inclusions in this table were corrected for the overgrowth
  8. gH2O and CO2 contents of the inclusions were measured by SIMS. x/y: x is SIMS analysis, y is based on reconstruction of bulk inclusion composition by adding equilibrium gas (bubble) volume
  9. hMol fraction of S(+ 6) in total S in the inclusions calculated from the Ska radiation wavelength, assuming that all S in the inclusions is composed of S(+ 6) and S(-2). n.a., not analyzed
  10. iCalculated from the mol fraction of S(+ 6) in total S in the inclusions by Wallace and Carmichael (1994). In these calculations, temperatures of 989ºC was used for 1235 scoria, that was estimated from clinopyroxene-liquid thermobarometer applied to chemical composition of the melt of TS-p3i1 and its host phenocryst. Temperature of 948ºC was used for 1716-1717 Gy pumices, based on the results of two pyroxene thermometry (Additional file 6). Temperatures for the olivine-hosted inlusions of the 2011 eruptions were assumed to 1030ºC, that is temperaure of mafic end member magma estimated by Suzuki et al. (2013b). Temperature of 942ºC, that is the average temperature estimated from two pyroxene thermometry applied to 2018-1 and 2018-2 products, was used for 18-1 V-p5i1
  11. jCalculated from the oxygen fugasity and chemical composition of the inclusions by Kilinc et al. (1983). Temperatures for these calculations were the same as the calculations of the oxygen fugacities
  12. kx/y: x, Saturation pressures calculated from measured H2O and CO2 contents of the melt inclusions using the silicate melt-H2O-CO2 solution model by Newman and Lowenstern (2002). In these calculstions, "basalt calculations" was used for olivine-hosted inclusions and "rhyolite calculations" was used for the other inclusions. y, the pressures calculated using the H2O-CO2 mixed fluid saturation model of Ghiorso and Gualda (2015). An online app of the model, MagmaSat, made by Ghiorso and Gualda (2015) was used for these calculations. The mol ratio of Fe(+ 2) to total Fe in the melt was asuumed to be 0.8. In the cases of low CO2 contents, MagmaSat app was not available. Temperatures used in these calculations were the same as the calculations of the oxygen fugacities. Temperatures of pyroxene-hosted inlusions of the 2011 eruptions were assumed to 870ºC, that is temperature of felsic end member magma estimated by Suzuki et al. (2013b)
  13. lThe temperatures of the magmas were estimated from the chemical compositions of the inclusions and their host olivines or plagioclases, using olivine-liquid and plagioclase-liquid thermometers (Putirka 2008). In addition, the temperatures and pressures of the magmas were estimated from the chemical compositions of the inclusions and their host clinopyroxenes or orthopyroxenes using clinopyroxene-liquid and orthopyoxene-liquid thermobarometers (Putirka 2008). Details of the geological thermometers and barometers are shown in Additional file 5
  14. mKD of the melt inclusions in olivines, plagioclases, clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes. Details of the KD values are shown in Additional file 5. Values in parenthesis indicate that the calculated. KD values were not in the equilibirium range
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