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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: A two-stage deflection system for the extension of the energy coverage in space plasma three-dimensional measurements

Fig. 3

The relationship between the maximum energy-per-charge for ± 45 o deflection and maximum deflector voltages of previous instruments (MAVEN/STATIC (McFadden et al. 2015), Deep Space I/PEPE (Young et al. 2007), JUNO/JADE-I and JADE-E (McComas et al. 2017), CoDICE (Desai et al. 2016), and Kaguya/IMA (Yokota et al. 2005)). The gray-shaded area indicates energy-voltage relationships EMAX (keV/e) = 2.5 VDFL_MAX (kV) (upper edge) and EMAX (keV/e) = 1.5 VDFL_MAX (kV) (lower edge), where EMAX is the maximum energy/charge for 45° deflection and VDFL_MAX is the maximum deflector voltage difference. An exceptionally high EMAX/VDFL_MAX ratio (~ 3.5) for JADE-E is realized by the strong electric field (see discussion in the main text)

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