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Fig. 5. | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5.

From: Cosmic ray and solar energetic particle flux in paleomagnetospheres

Fig. 5.

(a) Magnetospheric field lines of the magnetic field of a pole-on dipole, (b) particle impacts regions on the Earth (proton energy 4 GeV, g11 = 30000 nT), (c) cutoff latitudes and (d) impact area. Particles reach the Earth (100 km above the surface) in regions υcutoff ≤ υ ≤ 90°, where υcutoff is the cutoff latitude. In this configuration, which is not symmetrical to the rotation axis of the Earth, the impact area is a more convenient value to characterize particle impacts on the Earth.

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