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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 2 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 2

From: Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO)

Fig. 2

Digisonde ionogram and the result of its automatic interpretation, including the EDP. Topside EDP section above the F2 peak (dashed line) is obtained assuming an α-Chapman shape of the profile. Red and green colors of echo points identify vertical O and X echoes with different shadings for positive and negative Doppler shifts. Echoes from NNE, E, W, SSE, and NNW have different colors.

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