Fig. 3
From: Radio occultation experiment of the Venus atmosphere and ionosphere with the Venus orbiter Akatsuki
Relationship between the bending angle α and the impact parameter a (thick curve) and that between the bending angle and the ray closest distance r0 (thin curve) for a model ionosphere described in the text and the “VIRA” neutral atmosphere model. The radius of Venus is taken to be 6052 km. (upper) Plot in the ionospheric altitude range, where the thick and thin curves almost overlap. (lower) Plot in the neutral atmosphere range.