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Fig. 1. | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 1.

From: Long-distance propagation of ionospheric disturbance generated by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

Fig. 1.

Two-dimensional map of the total electron content derived from GPS observations with band-pass filtering (3–5 min). The red dots in (a) indicate the locations of the GPS receivers. The open star mark indicates the location of the epicenter. L1 and L2 are the lines on which the TEC data was used to examine the propagation characteristics in Figs. 2 and 3. W0, W1, W2, and W3 indicate the wave front of TEC disturbances.

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