Fig. 2.

The two wind profiles used in this paper (thick black solid line). Wind A (panel a) is the result of winds canceling the co-rotation drift (dashed line at ∼−350 m/s) resulting in almost no wind at 150 km and co-rotation at high altitudes. Wind B (panel b) has strong winds peaking around 200 km resulting in an opposite and slightly stronger drift compared to the co-rotation speed at that altitude. The dotted-lines represent different drift profiles (as a function of position along surface) for O⁺ ions when the simulation has reach steady state.