Fig. 2.
From: Kinetic effects on ion escape at Mars and Venus: Hybrid modeling studies
Trajectories of test particles propagated in the global electric and magnetic fields from the HYB-Venus simulation run. Different particle masses were used to study finite Larmor radius effects: (a) proton mass mp, (b) 4mp, (c) 16mp and (d) 32mp. All ions have a positive charge of one elementary charge (e). Three different projections are shown: xz (left column), xy (center column) and yz (right column). The background coloring illustrates the magnetic field magnitude at the y = 0, z = 0 and x = −2RV planes. The particles were launched from a spherical shell at r = 1.2RV. The unit of the axes is the radius of Venus.