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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 7 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 7

From: Lightning-associated VLF perturbations observed at low latitude: Occurrence and scattering characteristics

Fig. 7

(a)–(d): Typical examples of unusually long recovery early/fast events observed on NWC (a) NPM (b–c), and NLK (d) transmitters. The vertical dashed line in panels (a) and (b) indicates the time of lightning detected by WWLLN. Solid traces (blue color) and dotted traces (red color) represent amplitude and the phase, respectively. The event in paned (c) is step-like event with no clear recovery.

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