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Fig. 7. | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 7.

From: 3D numerical simulation of volcanic eruption clouds during the 2011 Shinmoe-dake eruptions

Fig. 7.

(a) Vortical structures visualized by a Q = 0.03 isosurface at 480 s in the bent-over plume using the results of 3D simulations, where Q represents the local balance between shear strain rate and vorticity magnitude (Chong et al., 1990). Spiral structures are indicated by arrows. Parameters used and vent conditions are given in Table 1. (b) Schematic illustration of vortical structure of a volcanic plume in wind field.

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