- Article
- Open access
- Published:
Dayside magnetopause Pc 3 and Pc 5 ULF waves observed by the GEOTAIL Satellite
Earth, Planets and Space volume 51, pages 965–978 (1999)
Abstract
This study is intended to reveal the oscillation and propagation characteristics of ULF waves observed near the dayside magnetopause. A comparative study of such ULF wave phenomena is made by using the data obtained from the successive skimmings of the dayside magnetopause by the GEOTAIL Satellite performed on three successive days of 9, 18, and 27 December 1994. The instrumentations of GEOTAIL are good for such a task, since the satellite simultaneously measured the magnetic and electric fields, and low energy plasma data. Based the observed data, we studied the dynamic spectral characteristics of both magnetic and electric fields. The results revealed that the dominant ULF waves appearing in the dynamic spectra were Pc 3 and Pc 5 oscillations. The Pc 3 oscillations were observed during a limited local time around noon without an extension to the dawn and dusk flanks, and dominantly appeared at a frequency of ~25 mHz in the azimuthal component of the magnetic field. This frequency component showed clear resonant oscillation characteristics. In addition to this, a fast mode earthward propagation characteristic was also recognized. The Poynting flux of the Pc 3 signals showed that the energy flux was about 10 nJ/m2s on average, the strongest being along the magnetic field line. Pc 5 oscillations showed another dominant spectral power which appeared in the radial component of the electric field, suggesting that the resonance oscillations were well established. However, the Pc 5 oscillations in the subsolar region did not show any earthward propagation characteristics.
References
Akaike, H., Autoregressive model fitting for control, Ann. Inst. Stat. Math., 23, 163–180, 1971.
Akaike, H. and T. Nakagawa, Statistical Analysis and Control of Dynamic System, 189 pp., Saiense-sha, Tokyo, 1972 (in Japanese).
Anderson, B. J. and M. J. Engebretson, Relative intensity of toroidal and compressional Pc3–4 wave power in the dayside magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100(A6), 9591–9603, 1995.
Anderson, B. J., M. J. Engebretson, S. P. Rounds, L. J. Zanetti, and T. A. Potemra, A statistical study of Pc 3–5 pulsations observed by the AMPTE/CCE magnetic fields experiment, 1. Occurrence distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 95(A7), 10,495–10,524, 1990.
Arthur, C. W. and R. L. McPherron, Interplanetary magnetic field conditions associated with synchronous orbit observations of Pc 3 magnetic pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 82 (32), 5138–5142, 1977.
Arthur, C. W. and R. L. McPherron, The statistical character of Pc 4 magnetic pulsations at synchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 86 (A3), 1325–1334, 1981.
Arthur, C. W., R. L. McPherron, and W. J. Hughes, A statistical study of Pc 3 magnetic pulsations at synchronous orbit, ATS 6, J. Geophys. Res., 82 (7), 1149–1157, 1977.
Cahill, L. J., Jr., N. G. Lin, M. J. Engebretson, D. R. Weimer, and M. Sugiura, Electric and magnetic observations of the structure of standing waves in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 91 (A8), 8895–8908, 1986.
Cao, M., R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell, Statistical study of ULF wave occurrence in the dayside magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8731–8753, 1994.
Chen, L. and A. Hasegawa, A theory of long-period magnetic pulsations, 1. Steady state excitation of field-line resonances, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1024–1032, 1974.
Chi, P. J. and C. T. Russell, Phase skipping and Poynting flux of continuous pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (A12), 29, 479–29, 491, 1998.
Cummings, W. D., R. J. O’Sullivan, and P. J. Coleman, Standing Alfven waves in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 778–793, 1969.
Cummings, W. D., C. Coutee, D. Lyons, and W. Wiley, III, The dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at synchronous orbit, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3705–3708, 1975.
Engebretson, M. J., C.-I. Meng, R. L. Arnoldy, and L. J. Cahill, Jr., Pc 3 pulsations observed near the south polar cusp, J. Geophys. Res., 91 (A8), 8909–8918, 1986.
Engebretson, M. J., L. J. Zanetti, T. A. Potemra, D. M. Klumper, R. J. Strangeway, and M. H. Acuña, Observations of intense ULF pulsation activity near the geomagnetic equator during quiet times, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12795–12816, 1988.
Fairfield, D. H., Average and unusual locations of the Earth’s magnetopause and bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6700–6716, 1971.
Glangeaud, F., Analysis of pulsations, Planet. Space Sci., 30, 1249–1258, 1982.
Greenstadt, E. W., R. L. McPherron, and K. Takahashi, Solar wind control of daytime midperiod geomagnetic pulsations, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 32, 89–110, 1980.
Greenstadt, E. W., M. M. Mellott, R. L. McPherron, C. R. Russell, H. J. Singer, and D. J. Knecht, Transfer of pulsation-related wave activity across the magnetopause: Observations of corresponding spectra by ISEE 1 and ISEE 2, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 659–662, 1983.
Greenwald, R. A. and A. D. M. Walker, Energetics of long period resonant hydromagnetic waves, Geophs. Res. Lett., 7, 745–748, 1980.
Hedgecock, P. C., Giant Pc5 pulsations in the outer magnetosphere: A survey of HEOS-1 data, Planet. Space Sci., 24, 921–935, 1976.
Heppner, J. P., B. G. Ledley, T. L. Skillman, and M. Sugiura, A preliminary survey of the distribution of micropulsations in the magnetosphere from OGO’s-3 and 5, Ann. Geophys., 26, 709–717, 1970.
Iwabuchi, M., N. Sato, and H. Fukunishi, Application of conventional spectral analysis program (CSAP) system for magnetic pulsations observed at Mizuho and Syowa stations, Antarct. Rec., 64, 111–126, 1979.
Kato, K., Y. Tonegawa, and T. Sakurai, Study on order of autoregressive model for spectral analysis of long period magnetic pulsations, Proc. School of Engn. Tokai Univ., 36 (1), 201–205, 1996 (in Japanese).
Kivelson, M. G. and S.-H. Chen, The magnetopause: Surface waves and instabilities and their possible dynamical consequences, in Geophysical Monograph 90, edited by P. Song, B. O. Sonnerup, and M. F. Tomsen, pp. 257–268, AGU, 1995.
Kokubun, S., T. Yamamoto, M. H. Acuña, K. Hayashi, K. Shiokawa, and H. Kawano, The GEOTAIL magnetic field experiment, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 46, 7–22, 1994.
Le, G., C. T. Russell, and J. T. Gosling, Structure of the magnetopause for low Mach number and strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (A12), 23,723–23,734, 1994.
Le, G., C.T. Russell, J. T. Gosling, and M. F. Thomsen, ISEE observations of low-latitude boundary layer for northward interplanetary magnetic field: Implications for cusp reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 101 (A12), 27,239–27,249, 1996.
Miura, A., Anomalous transport by magnetohydrodynamic Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 801–818, 1984.
Miura, A., Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause: Computer simulation, in Geophysical Monograph 90, Physics of the Magnetopause, edited by P. Song, B. O. Sonnerup, and M. F. Tomsen, pp. 285–291, AGU, 1995.
Mukai, T., S. Machida, Y. Saito, M. Hirahara, T. Terasawa, N. Kaya, T. Obara, M. Ejiri, and A. Nishida, The low energy particle(LEP) experiment, onboard the GEOTAIL Satellite, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 46, 669–692, 1994.
Nakamura, M., H. Matsui, H. Kawano, A. Matsuoka, T. Yamamoto, K. Tsuruda, and H. Hayakawa, Pc 5 pulsations observed in the dayside magnetosphere by Geotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21 (25), 2903–2906, 1994.
Nose, M., T. Iyemori, M. Sugiura, and J. A. Slavin, A strong dawn/dusk asymmetry in Pc 5 pulsation occurrence observed by the DE-1 satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22 (15), 2053–2056, 1995.
Saito, T., Geomagnetic pulsations, Space Sci. Rev., 10, 319–412, 1969.
Sakurai, T., T. Tonegawa, T. Kitagawa, M. Nowada, A. Yamawaki, T. Mukai, T. Yamamoto, S. Kokubun, and K. Tsuruda, Double-frequency oscillations of low energy plasma in association with transverse Pc 5 oscillations, GEOTAIL satellite observations, Earth Planets Space, 51 (1), 43–54, 1999.
Sato, N. and S. Kokubun, Interaction between ELF-VLF emissions and magnetic pulsations: Quasi-periodic ELF-VLF emissions associated with Pc 3–4 pulsations and their geomagnetic conjugacy, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 101–113, 1980.
Sibeck, D. G., R. E. Lopez, and E. C. Roelof, Solar wind control of the magnetopause shape, location, and motion, J. Geophys. Res., 96 (A4), 5489–5495, 1991.
Song, P., C. T. Russell, and M. F. Thommsen, Slow mode transmission in the frontside magnetosheath, J. Geophys. Res., 97 (A6), 8295–8305, 1992.
Song, P., C. T. Russell, R. J. Strangeway, J. R. Wygant, C. A. Cattell, R. J. Fitzenretter, and R. R. Anderson, Wave properties near the subsolar magnetoopause: Pc 3–4 energy coupling for northward interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 98 (A1), 187–196, 1993.
Southwood, D. J., Some features of field line resonances in the magnetopause, Planet. Space Sci, 22, 483–491, 1974.
Takahashi, K. and R. L. McPherron, Harmonic structure of Pc 3–4 pulsations, J. Geophys. Res., 87 (A3), 1504–1516, 1982.
Takahashi, K. and R. L. McPherron, Standing hydromagnetic oscillations in the magnetosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 32 (11), 1343–1359, 1984.
Takahashi, K., B. J. Anderson, and R. J. Strangeway, AMPTE CCE observation of Pc 3–4 pulsations at L= 2–6, J. Geophys. Res., 95 (A10), 17,179–17,186, 1990.
Takahashi, K., S. Kokubun, H. Matsuoka, K. Shiokawa, K. Yumoto, M. Nakamura, H. Kawano, T. Yamamoto, A. Matsuoka, K. Tsuruda, H. Hayakawa, K. Kojima, and H. Matsumoto, Geotail observation of magnetosonic Pc 3 waves in the dayside magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2899–2902, 1994.
Tonegawa, Y. and H. Fukunishi, Harmonic structure of Pc 3–5 magnetic pulsations observed at the Syowa -Husafell conjugate pair, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6737–6784, 1984.
Tonegawa, Y., H. Fukunishi, T. Hirasawa, R. L. McPherron, T. Sakurai, and Y. Kato, Specral characteristics of Pc 3 and Pc 4/5 magnetic pulsation bands observed near L= 6, J. Geophys. Res., 89(A11), 9720–9730, 1984.
Tonegawa, Y., T. Sakurai, T. Yamamoto, K. Tsuruda, and S. Kokubun, Spectral characteristics of Pc 3–5 pulsations observed by Geotail skimming the dayside magnetopause (Extended abstract), Proc NIPR Symp. Upper Atmos. Phys., 10, 165–169, 1997.
Tsuruda, K., H. Hayakawa, M. Nakamura, T. Okada, M. Matsuoka, F. S. Mozer, and R. Schmidt, Electric field measurements on the GEOTAIL Satellite, J. Geomag. Geoelectr, 46, 693–712, 1994.
Ulrych, T. J. and T. N. Bishop, Maximum entropy spectral analysis and autoregressive decomposition, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 13, 183–200, 1975.
Yumoto, K., Long-period magnetic pulsations generated in the magnetosperic boundary layers, Planet. Space Sci, 32, 1205–1218, 1984.
Yumoto, K., T. Saito, B. T. Tsurutani, E. J. Smith, and S.-I. Akasofu, Relationship between the IMF magnitude and Pc 3 magnetic pulsations in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9731–9740, 1984.
Yumoto, K., T. Saito, S.-I. Akasofu, B. T. Tsurutani, and E. J. Smith, Propagation mechanism of dayside Pc 3–4 pulsations observed at synchronous orbit and multiple ground-based stations, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6439–6450, 1985.
Zanetti, L. J., T. A. Potemura, R. E. Erlandson, M. J. Engebretson, and M. H. Acuna, Geomagnetic field-line resonant harmonics measured by the Viking and AMPTE/CCE magnetic field experiments, Geophys. Res. Lett, 14, 427, 1987.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sakurai, T., Tonegawa, Y., Kitagawa, T. et al. Dayside magnetopause Pc 3 and Pc 5 ULF waves observed by the GEOTAIL Satellite. Earth Planet Sp 51, 965–978 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351567
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351567