Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Download PDF
  • Article
  • Published:

Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) experiment on board the NOZOMI spacecraft: Instrumentation and initial results

Earth, Planets and Space volume 52, pages 49–60 (2000)Cite this article

Abstract

An ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) on board the PLANET-B (NOZOMI) spacecraft has been developed. The UVS instrument consists of a grating spectrometer (UVS-G), an absorption cell photometer (UVS-P) and an electronics unit (UVS-E). The UVS-G features a flat-field type spectrometer measuring emissions in the FUV and MUV range between 110 nm and 310 nm with a spectral resolution of 2–3 nm. The UVS-P is a photometer separately detecting hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) Lyman α emissions by the absorption cell technique. They take images using the spin and orbital motion of the spacecraft. The major scientific objectives of the UVS experiment at Mars and the characteristics of the UVS are described. The MUV spectra of geocoronal and interplanetary Lyman α emissions and lunar images taken at wavelength of hydrogen Lyman α and the background at 170 nm are presented as representative examples of the UVS observations during the Earth orbiting phase and the Mars transfer phase.

References

  • Anderson, D. E., Jr., Mariner 6, 7, and 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Analysis of hydrogen Lyman alpha data, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1513–1518, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. E., Jr. and C. W. Hord, Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Analysis of hydrogen Lyman-alpha data, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6666–6673, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, C. A., C. W. Hord, J. B. Pearce, K. K. Kelly, G. P. Anderson, and A. I. Stewart, Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Upper atmosphere data, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2213–2227, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, C. A., C. W. Hord, A. I. Stewart, and A. L. Lane, Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Initial results, Science, 175, 309–312, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bougher, S. W., R. G. Roble, E. C. Ridley, and R. E. Dickinson, The Mars thermosphere, 2. General circulation with coupled dynamics and composition, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14811–14827, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, M. H., Mars: A water-rich planet?, Icarus, 68, 187–216, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dementyeva, N. N., V. G. Kurt, A. S. Smirnov, L. G. Titarchuk, and S. D. Chuvahin, Preliminary results of measurements of UV emissions scattered in the Martian upper atmosphere, Icarus, 17, 475–483, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. L., Airglow and aurora in the atmospheres of Venus and Mars, in Venus and Mars: Atmospheres, Ionospheres, and Solar Wind Interactions, edited by J. G. Luhmann, M. Tatrallyay, and R. O. Pepin, pp. 191–222, Geophysical Monograph 61, AGU, 1992.

  • Fox, J. L. and A. Dalgarno, Ionization, luminosity and heating of the upper atmosphere of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7315–7333, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. L. and A. I. F. Stewart, The Venus ultraviolet aurora: A soft electron source, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9821–9828, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gullikson, E. M., R. Korde, L. R. Canfield, and R. E. Vest, Stable silicon photodiodes for absolute intensity measurements in the VUV and soft x-ray regions, J. Electron Spectrosc. Related Phenomena, 80, 313–316, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haider, S. A., J. Kim, A. F. Nagy, C. N. Keller, M. I. Verigin, K. I. Gringauz, N. M. Shutte, K. Szego, and P. Kiraly, Calculated ionization rates, ion densities, and airglow emission rates due to precipitating electrons in the nightside ionosphere of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10637–10641, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ip, W.-H., On a hot oxygen corona of Mars, Icarus, 76, 135–145, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ip, W.-H., The fast atomic oxygen corona extent of Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2289–2292, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawahara, T. D., S. Okano, T. Abe, H. Fukunishi, and K. Ito, Glass-type hydrogen and deuterium absorption cells developed for D/H ratio measurements in the Martian atmosphere, Appl. Opt., 36, 2229–2237, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krasnopolsky, V. A., Atomic carbon in the atmosphere of Mars and Venus, Cosmic Res., 20, 430–437, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasnopolsky, V. A. and A. A. Krysko, On the night airglow of the Martian atmosphere, Space Res.XVI, 1005–1008, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurt, V. G., A. S. Smirnov, L. G. Titarchuk, and S. D. Chuvahin, Observation of OI 1300 Å radiation in the Martian atmosphere, Icarus, 21, 35–41, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, J. S., D. S. McDougal, D. E. Anderson, Jr., and E. S. Barker, Atomic hydrogen on Mars: Measurements at solar minimum, Science, 200, 1048–1051, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, M. B., Mars: An evolving atmosphere, Science, 175, 443–445, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, M. B. and J. C. McConnell, Atomic carbon in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6674–6690, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, M. B., T. Y. Kong, and Y. L. Yung, Photochemistry and evolution of Mars’ atmosphere: A Viking perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4379–4388, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R. R. and J.-S. Lee, An analysis of the OI 1304 Å dayglow using a Monte Carlo resonant scattering model with partial frequency redistribution, Planet. Space Sci., 30, 439–450, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mumma, M. J., H. D. Morgan, and J. E. Mentall, Reduced absorption of the nonthermal CO(A1Π-X1Σ+) fourth-positive group by thermal CO and implications for the Mars upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 168–172, 1975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, A. F. and T. E. Cravens, Hot oxygen atoms in the upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 433–435, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, A. F., T. E. Cravens, J.-H. Yee, and A. I. F. Stewart, Hot oxygen atoms in the upper atmosphere of Venus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 629–632, 1981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nier, A. O. and M. B. McElroy, Composition and structure of Mars’s upper atmosphere: Results from the neutral mass spectrometers on Viking 1 and 2, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4341–4349, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, T., J. P. Maillard, C. de Bergh, and B. L. Lutz, Deuterium on Mars: The abundance of HDO and the value of D/H, Science, 240, 1767–1770, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paxton, L. J. and D. E. Anderson, Far ultraviolet remote sensing of Venus and Mars, in Venus and Mars: Atmospheres, Ionospheres, and Solar Wind Interactions, edited by J. G. Luhmann, M. Tatrallyay, and R. O. Pepin, pp. 113–189, Geophysical Monograph 61, AGU, 1992.

  • Paxton, L. J. and R. R. Meier, Reanalysis of Pioneer Venus Orbiter Ultraviolet Spectrometer data: OI 1304 intensities and atomic oxygen densities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 229–232, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, J. B., K. A. Gause, E. F. Mackey, K. K. Kelly, W. G. Fastie, and C. A. Barth, Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometers, Appl. Opt., 10, 805–812, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, J. L., A. I. F. Stewart, and J. G. Luhmann, The Venus ultraviolet aurora: Observations at 130.4 nm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1047–1050, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, A. I. F., C. A. Barth, C. W. Hord, and A. L. Lane, Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Structure of Mars’ upper atmosphere, Icarus, 17, 469–474, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, A. I. F., M. J. Alexander, R. R. Meier, L. J. Paxton, S. W. Bougher, and C. G. Fesen, Atomic oxygen in the Martian thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 91–102, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, D. J., A. I. Stewart, C. A. Barth, C. W. Hord, and A. L. Lane, Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Mars atomic oxygen 1304-Å emission, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 4547–4559, 1973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi, M., T. D. Kawahara, Y. Ito, and K. Ito, Evaluation of new hydrogen and deuterium absorption cells for PLANET-B/UVS, PF Activity Rep., 14, 280, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, G. E., Neutral composition of the upper atmosphere of Mars as determined from the Mariner UV spectrometer experiments, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 859–868, 1971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, T. and K. Tsuruda, The PLANET-B mission, Earth Planets Space, 50, 175–181, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, 173-8515, Japan

    M. Taguchi, S. Okano & Y. Takahashi

  2. Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    H. Fukunishi

  3. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    S. Watanabe

  4. Department of Information Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-0922, Japan

    T. D. Kawahara

Authors
  1. M. Taguchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Fukunishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Watanabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Okano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Y. Takahashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. T. D. Kawahara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Taguchi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Taguchi, M., Fukunishi, H., Watanabe, S. et al. Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer (UVS) experiment on board the NOZOMI spacecraft: Instrumentation and initial results. Earth Planet Sp 52, 49–60 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351613

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351613

Keywords