Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Download PDF
  • Article
  • Published:

Effect of complex fault geometry and slip style on near-fault strong motions and static displacement

Earth, Planets and Space volume 55, pages 515–530 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Although there are many studies that deal with complex slip distribution or rupture propagation on an earthquake fault, they usually regard a fault system as a fault of simple geometry. Actual fault systems have highly heterogeneous slip distribution and very complicated shapes, as is often observed through field surveys of surface breaks. In this study, we synthesize seismograms including static displacement near a fault using the discrete wavenumber method in order to estimate the effects of the above types of fault complexity in a quantitative manner. We introduce a complex slip distribution based on the Nojima Fault associated with the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. As a result, we show that strong motions at a frequency of lower than 1.0 Hz are strongly affected by the complexity of the fault geometry, at a scale of not more than several km, rather than the rupture propagation style. Distributions of static displacement fluctuate, depending on the fault geometry characterized by the length of each fault segment. Such small-scale variations in fault geometry (≤1 km) have been mostly ignored prior to this work. Our results also suggest that details of fault segmentation and bending can be determined by dense observations (e.g., GPS or geological surveys) of static displacement near a fault system, indicating the importance of simultaneous studies on static and dynamic near-fault motions.

References

  • Aki, K. and P. G. Richards, Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods, W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aochi, H. and E. Fukuyama, Three-dimensional nonplanar simulation of the 1992 Landers earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10.1029/2000JB000061, 2002.

  • Aochi, H., R. Madariaga, and E. Fukuyama, Effect of normal stress during rupture propagation along nonplanar faults, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JB000500, 2002.

  • Archuleta, R. and S. Hartzell, Effects of fault finiteness on near-source ground motion, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 71, 939–957, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, P., A. Herrero, and C. Berge, Modeling directivity of heterogeneous earthquake ruptures, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 86, 1149–1160, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beroza, G. and T. Mikumo, Short slip duration in dynamic rupture in the presence of heterogeneous fault properties, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,449–22,460, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouchon, M., A dynamic source model for the San Fernando earthquake, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 68, 1555–1576, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchon, M. and K. Aki, Discrete wave-number representation of seismic-source wave fields, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 67, 259–277, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, B. H., Simultaneous Study of the Source, Path and Site Effects on Strong Ground Motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California, 1992.

  • Cotton, F. and O. Coutant, Dynamic stress variations due to shear faults in a plane-layered medium, Geophys. J. Int., 128, 676–688, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, E. and R. Madariaga, Rupture dynamics of a planar fault in a 3D elastic medium: Rate- and slip-weakening friction, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 88, 1–17, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furumura, T. and K. Koketsu, Specific distribution of ground motion during the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its generation mechanism, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 785–788, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R. and S. Day, Dynamics of fault interaction: Parallel strike-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4461–4472, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R. and S. Day, Dynamic 3-D simulations of earthquakes on en echelon faults, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2089–2092, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartzell, S. H. and T. H. Heaton, Rupture history of the 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake from the inversion of strong-motion data records, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 76, 649–674, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, H., Fractal analysis of the fault system and stress drop of aftershocks for Hyogoken-nambu earthquake, Senior Thesis, Hiroshima University, 1996.

  • Herrero, A. and P. Bernard, A kinematic self-similar rupture process for earthquakes, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 84, 1216–1228, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hisada, Y., A theoretical omega-square model considering the spatial variation in slip and rupture velocity, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 90, 387–400, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honda, R. and K. Yomogida, Contribution of vertically traveling plane S-waves to dynamic and static displacements near a finite fault, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 443–454, 2003a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honda, R. and K. Yomogida, Static and dynamic displacement near a fault with the discrete wavenumber method, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 137, 107–127, 2003b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, T. and T. Miyatake, 3-D simulation of near-field strong motion: Basin edge effect derived from rupture directivity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 905–908, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, T. and T. Miyatake, 3D simulation of near-field strong ground motion based on dynamic modeling, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 88, 1445–1456, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakehi, Y. and K. Irikura, Estimation of high-frequency wave radiation areas on the fault plane by the envelope inversion of acceleration seismograms, Geophys. J. Int., 125, 892–900, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kase, Y. and K. Kuge, Rupture propagation beyond fault discontinuities: Significance of fault strike and location, Geophys. J. Int., 147, 330–342, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawase, H., Strong motion evaluation in the near-fault region considering the slip-velocity function of the source, in Confronting Urban Earthquakes, edited by K. Toki, pp. 410–413, 2000.

  • Li, Y., K. Aki, D. Adams, and A. Hasemi, Seismic guided waves trapped in the fault zone of the Landers, California, earthquake of 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,705–11,722, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, N., K. Yomogida, and S. Honda, Fractal analysis of fault systems in Japan and the Philippines, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 357–360, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michel, R. and J.-P. Avouac, Deformation due to the 17 August 1999 Izumit, Turkey, earthquake measured from SPOT images, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/200JB000102, 2002.

  • Miyatake, T., Computer simulation of strong ground motion near a fault using dynamic fault rupture modeling: Spatial distribution of the peak ground velocity vectors, Pure Appl. Geophys., 157, 2063–2081, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata, T. and K. Yomogida, Surface fault characteristics of the 1995 Hyogoken-nambu earthquake, J. Natural Disas. Sci., 16, 1–9, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakata, T., H. Tsutsumi, R. S. Punongbayan, R. E. Rimando, J. Daligdig, and A. Daag, Surface faulting associated with the Philippine earthquake of 1990, Journal of Geography, 99, 95–112, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oglesby, D., R. J. Archuleta, and S. Nielsen, The three-dimensional dynamics of dipping fault, Bull. Seism. Sci. Am., 90, 616–628, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okubo, P. G. and K. Aki, Fractal geometry in the San Andreas fault system, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 345–355, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruppert, S. D. and K. Yomogida, A crack-like rupture model for the 19 September 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake, PAGEOPH, 138, 407–427, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiguchi, H., K. Irikura, T. Iwata, Y. Kakehi, and M. Hoshiba, Minute locating of faulting beneath Kobe and the waveform inversion of the source process during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake using strong ground motion records, J. Phys. Earth, 44, 473–487, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sekiguchi, H., K. Irikura, and T. Iwata, Fault geometry at the rupture termination of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 90, 117–133, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wald, D. J. and T. Heaton, Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 84, 668–691, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wald, D. J., T. Heaton, and K. Hudnut, The slip history of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake determined from strong-motion, teleseismic, GPS, and leveling data, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 86, S49–S70, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeats, R. S., K. Sieh, and C. R. Allen, The Geology of Earthquakes, Oxford University Press, New York, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yomogida, K., Crack-like rupture processes observed in near-fault strong motion data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1223–1226, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, S., K. Koketsu, B. Shibazaki, T. Sagiya, T. Kato, and Y. Yoshida, Joint inversion of near- and far-field waveforms and geodetic data for the rupture process of the 1995 Kobe earthquake, J. Phys. Earth, 44, 437–454, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ryou Honda

    Present address: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Ryou Honda & Kiyoshi Yomogida

Authors
  1. Ryou Honda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kiyoshi Yomogida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryou Honda.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Honda, R., Yomogida, K. Effect of complex fault geometry and slip style on near-fault strong motions and static displacement. Earth Planet Sp 55, 515–530 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351785

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351785

Key words