Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Download PDF

An empirical model of ionospheric foE over Wuhan

Earth, Planets and Space volume 58, pages 323–330 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Daytime half-hourly values of the critical frequency of the ionospheric E-layer, f oE, obtained at Wuhan Ionospheric Observatory (geographic 114.4°E, 30.6°N; 45.2°dip), China, during the whole interval of 1957–1991 and 1999–2004 have been used to develop an empirical model. The model, including variations with local time, day number and solar cycle, is in agreement with the observations. A comparison between our model and IRI and Titheridge’s model has also been made. Statistically, our model gives a better performance than IRI and Titheridge’s model because data set is obtained with our own station. Both the IRI and Titheridge’s model overestimate f oE especially in May to September months. Combing with past investigations, we suggest that overestimation of ionospheric parameters by IRI may be a common feature in East Asia. This result is very helpful for both the correction of IRI in East Asia and the development of Chinese Reference Ionosphere (CRI) model.

References

  • Bilitza, D., International Reference Ionosphere 1990, Report 90-22, National Space Data Center, World Data Center A for Rockets and Satellites, Code 930.2, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilitza, D., International Reference Ionosphere 2000, Radio Sci., 36(2), 261–275, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilitza, D., Ionospheric models for radio propagation studies, in The Review of Radio Science 1999–2002, edited by W. R. Stone, pp. 625–679, IEEE Press, Piscataway, N. J, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buonsanto, M. J., A study of the daytime E-F1 region ionosphere at midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 95(A6), 7735–7747, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buonsanto, M. J., S. C. Solomon, and W. K. Tobiska, Comparison of measured and modeled solar EUV flux and its effect on the E-F1 region ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97(A7), 10513–10524, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, C. J., E. Turunen, H. Matveinen, H. Ranta, and J. K. Hargreaves, Chemical modeling of the quiet summer D- and E-regions using EISCAT electron density profiles, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 115–134, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cander, L. R., R. Leitinger, and M. F. Levy, Ionospheric models including the auroral environment, in Workshop on Space Weather, Report WPP-155, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, European Space Agency (ISSN 1022-6656), 135–142, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., W. Wan, L. Liu, and L. Li, A statistical TEC model based on the observation at Wuhan Ionospheric Observatory, Chin. J. Space Sci., 22(1), 27–35, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., W. Wan, L. Liu, and T. Mao, A simple method of modeling electron density profile using ionospheric parameters, Chin. J. Space Sci., 24(3), 194–202, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, J. M. and S. R. Zhang, A local empirical model of the E and F region ionosphere based on 30 years of Millstone Hill incoherent scatter data, AGU Fall Meeting 2002, SA21A-0425, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X., Y. Su, and K. Zhang, Ionospheric structure and profile over Wuchang, China, Adv. Space Res., 15(2), 149–152, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kouris, S. S. and L. M. Muggleton, Diurnal variation in the E-layer ionization, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 133–139, 1973a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kouris, S. S. and L. M. Muggleton, World morphology of the Appleton E-layer seasonal anomaly, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 141–451, 1973b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, L., W. Wan, and B. Ning, Statistical modeling of ionospheric foF2 over Wuhan, Radio Sci., 39, RS2013, doi:10.1029/2003RS003005, 2004.

  • Luo, F., K. Dai, and K. Quan, A comparison of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-90) with the electron density profile of the ionosphere observed in China, Chin. J. Space Sci., 14(4), 305–311, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinnel, L. A. and A. W. V. Poole, A neural network based electron density model for the E layer, Adv. Space Res., 31(3), 586–595, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikhailov, A. V., Model results for the midlatitude daytime E region: EUV ionization rate and α (NO+) relationship, Int. J. Geomagn. Aeron., 4(1), 47–55, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muggleton, L. M., Appleton’s last note on the E-region seasonal anomaly, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 33, 1291–1297, 1971a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muggleton, L. M., Solar cycle control of Nm(E), J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 33, 1307–1310, 1971b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muggleton, L. M., A describing function of the diurnal variation of Nm(E) for solar zenith angles from 0 to 90°, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 34, 1379–1384, 1972a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muggleton, L. M., Regression-line studies of E-region seasonal anomaly, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 34, 1985–1391, 1972b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muggleton, L. M., A method of predicting foE at any time and place, Telecommunications Journal, 42, 413–418, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawer, K. and D. Bilitza, International reference ionosphere-plasma densities: status 1988, Adv. Space Res., 10(8), 5–14, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rishbeth, H. and O. K. Garriott, Introduction to Ionospheric Physics, Academic Press, New York and London, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, H., W. Wan, J. Lei, L. Liu, and B. Ning, A theoretic model for the mid-latitude ionospheric E layer, Chin. J. Geophys., 48(2), 243–251, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titheridge, J. E., An approximate form for the Chapman grazing incidence function, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 50, 699–701, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titheridge, J. E., A direct allowance for the effect of photoelectrons in ionospheric modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 357–369, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titheridge, J. E., Model results for the ionospheric E region: solar and seasonal changes, Ann. Geophys., 15, 63–78, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Titheridge, J. E., Modelling the peak of the ionospheric E-layer, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 62, 93–114, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J., K. Quan, K. Dai, F. Luo, X. Sun, Z. Li, C. Cao, R. Liu, and C. Shen, Progress in the study of the Chinese reference ionosphere, Adv. Space Res., 18(6), 187–190, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zolesi, B., L. R. Cander, and G. De Franceschi, Simplified ionospheric regional model for telecommunication applications, Radio Sci., 28(4), 603–612, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Xinan Yue, Weixing Wan, Libo Liu & Baiqi Ning

  2. Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Xinan Yue

  3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xinan Yue

Authors
  1. Xinan Yue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weixing Wan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Libo Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Baiqi Ning
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weixing Wan.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yue, X., Wan, W., Liu, L. et al. An empirical model of ionospheric foE over Wuhan. Earth Planet Sp 58, 323–330 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351928

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03351928

Key words

  • Ionosphere
  • model
  • f oE