Skip to main content

Calibration of amplification factors using KiK-net strong-motion records: toward site effective estimation of seismic intensities

Abstract

Estimated seismic intensities using conventional relationships are not always in agreement with those observed at specific sites. We investigate subsurface amplification factors using the KiK-net strong-motion data recorded both in the borehole and on the ground surface and attempt to estimate more accurate intensities at a given site. Here the amplification factors are evaluated using the ratios of peak velocity amplitudes Vsurf/Vbor that are calculated from records on the ground surface and in the borehole. The ratios (amplification factors) decrease with hypocentral distance in general, but the attenuation characteristics vary from station to station. At stations where large amplifications are observed, the ratios show large scatter relative to the empirical amplification formulas. The variation is also affected by the incident direction of seismic waves as well as the hypocentral distance. We derived empirical amplification formulas of Vsurf/Vbed where Vbed is the peak velocity on the engineering bedrock as a function of hypocentral distance at individual stations (i.e. specific sites) in place of the conventionally used amplification constants. The estimated intensities using the site-effective formulas show substantial improvement at most of the stations in comparison with those calculated using conventional formulas.

References

  • Aoi, S., K. Obara, S. Hori, K. Kasahara, and Y. Okada, New Japanese uphole/downhole strong-motion observation network: KiK-net, Seism. Res. Lett., 72, 239, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dan, K., M. Watanabe, T. Sato, and T. Ishii, Short period source spectra inferred from variable slip rupture models and modeling of earthquake faults for strong motion prediction by semi empirical method, J. Struct. Eng., AIJ, 545, 51–62, 2001 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima, Y. and T. Tanaka, A new attenuation relation for peak horizontal acceleration of strong earthquake ground motion in Japan, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 80, 757–783, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, E., M. Ishida, D. S. Dreger, and H. Kawai, Automated seismic moment tensor determination by using on-line broadband seismic waveforms, Zisin (J. Seism. Soc. Japan), 51, 149–156, 1998 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks, T. C. and H. Kanamori, A moment magnitude scale, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2348–2350, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horiuchi, S., H. Negishi, K. Abe, A. Kamimura, and Y. Fujinawa, An automatic processing system for broadcasting earthquake alarms, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 95, 708–718, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Japan Meteorological Agency, On Seismic Intensity, 238 pp, Gyosei, Tokyo, 1996 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanamori, H., The energy release in great earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2981–2987, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanno, T. and K. Miura, Evaluation of site effects during the 2001 Geiyo earthquake in Hiroshima prefecture, J. Struct. Eng., AIJ, 597, 151–157, 2006 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanno, T., A. Narita, N. Morikawa, H. Fujiwara, and Y. Fukushima, A New Attenuation Relation for Strong Ground Motion in Japan Based on Recorded Data, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 96, 879–897, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, J., Short period seismic directivity, Zisin (J. Seism. Soc. Japan), 40, 397–404, 1987 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsusaki, S., Y. Hisada, and Y. Fukushima, Attenuation relation of JMA intensity applicable to near source region, J. Struct. Eng., AIJ, 604, 201–208, 2006 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Midorikawa, S. and Y. Ohtake, Empirical analysis of variance of ground motion intensity in attenuation relationships, J. Japan Assoc. Earthq. Eng., 3, 59–70, 2003 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Midorikawa, S., M. Matsuoka, and K. Sakugawa, Site effects on strong-ground motion records during the 1987 Chiba-ken-toho-oki, Japan earthquake, The 9th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium, 3, 85–90, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Midorikawa, S., K. Fujimoto, and I. Muramatsu, Correlation of New J.M.A. instrumental seismic intensity with former J.M.A. seismic intensity and ground motion parameters, J. Soc. Safe. Science, 1, 51–56, 1999 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morikawa, N., T. Kanno, A. Narita, H. Fujiwara, and Y. Fukushima, New additional correction terms for attenuation relations of peak amplitudes and response spectra corresponding to the anomalous seismic intensity in northeastern Japan, J. Jpn Assoc. Earthq. Eng., 6, 23–41, 2006 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Obara, K., Hi-net: High-sensitivity seismograph network, Japan, in Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, edited by T. Takanami and G. Kitagawa, 266 pp, Springer, Berlin, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seed, H. B. and I. M. Idriss, Soli moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses, Report No. EERC70-10, EERC, Univ. of California, Berkeley, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiomi, K., K. Obara, S. Aoi, and K. Kasahara, Estimation on the azimuth of the Hi-net borehole seismometers, Zisin (J. Seism. Soc. Japan), 56, 99–110, 2003 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Si, H. and S. Midorikawa, New attenuation relationships for peak ground acceleration and velocity considering effects of fault type and site condition, J. Struct. Constr. Eng., 523, 63–70, 1999 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Somerville, P. G., N. F. Smith, R. W. Graves, and N. A. Abrahamson, Modification of empirical strong motion attenuation relations to include the amplitude and duration effects of rupture directivity, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 199–222, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, T., A. Asano, H. Okada, T. Saiki, K. Irikura, J. X. Zhao, J. Zhang, H. K. Thio, P. G. Somerville, Ya. Fukushima, and Yo. Fukushima, Attenuation relations of strong ground motion in Japan using site classification based on predominant period, CSNI Workshop, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takemura, M., Magnitude-seismic moment relations for the shallow earthquakes in and around Japan, Zisin (J. Seism. Soc. Japan), 43, 257–265, 1990 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wessel, P. and W. H. F. Smith, New version of the genetic mapping tools released, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., 76, 329, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, S. and S. Horiuchi, Effectiveness of shaking intensity magnitude for realtime intensity estimation in early warning system, Abstracts 2005 Japan Earth Planet. Sci. Joint Meeting, S046–004, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, S., S. Horiuchi, H. Negishi, and T. Urabe, Broadcasting and receiving system for earthquake early warning using DVB satellite communication, Zisin (J. Seism. Soc. Japan), 58, 71–76, 2005 (in Japanese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Youngs, R. R., N. Abrahamson, F. I. Mkdisi, and K. Sadigh, Magnitude dependence variance of peak ground acceleration, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 1161–1176, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takumi Hayashida.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hayashida, T., Tajima, F. Calibration of amplification factors using KiK-net strong-motion records: toward site effective estimation of seismic intensities. Earth Planet Sp 59, 1111–1125 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352054

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352054

Key words