Adams, W. G., Comparison of simultaneous magnetic disturbances at several observatories, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 183, 131–139, 1892.
Google Scholar
Akasofu, S. I. and S. Chapman, The sudden commencements of geomagnetic storms, URANIA, v. 44, 250, 321–358, 1959.
Google Scholar
Araki, T., Global structure of geomagnetic sudden commencements, Planetary and Space Science, 25, 373–384, 1977.
Google Scholar
Araki, T., A physical model of the geomagnetic sudden commencement, Geophysical Monograph, 81, 183–200, 1994.
Google Scholar
Araki, T., T. Iyemori, and T. Kamei, Sudden commencements observed by MAGSAT above the ionosphere, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 36, 507–520, 1984.
Google Scholar
Araki, T., S. Fujitani, M. Emoto, K. Yumoto, K. Shiokawa, T. Ichinose, H. Luehr, D. Orr, D. Milling, H. Singer, D. Rostoker, S. Tsunomura, Y. Yamada, and C. F. Liu, Anomalous sudden commencement on March 24, 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 102, A7, 14075–14086, 1997.
Google Scholar
Araki, T., T. Takeuchi, and Y. Araki, Rise time of geomagnetic sudden commencement—Statistical analysis of ground geomagnetic data, Earth Planets Space, 56, 289–293, 2004.
Google Scholar
Araki, T., K. Keika, T. Kamei, H. Yang, and M. Alex, Nighttime enhancement of the amplitude of geomagnetic sudden commencements and its dependence on IMF-Bz, Earth Planets Space, 58, 45–50, 2006.
Google Scholar
Bauer, L. A., Beginning and propagation of the magnetic disturbance of May 8, 1902, and of some other magnetic storms, Terr. Mag. and Atm. Elec., XV, 9–20, 1910.
Google Scholar
Bauer, L. A., Transactions of Rome Assembly, May, 1922, Section of Terrestrial Magnetism andElectricit, Bulletin N0 3, p. 170, 1923.
Google Scholar
Banerji, S. K. (Dir.), Magnetic, meteorological and seismographic observations made at the government observatories, Bombay and Alibag in the year 1922, Calcutta: Central Publication Branch, 1926.
Google Scholar
Blake, J., W. A. Kolasinski, R. W. Fillus, and E. G. Mullen, Injection of electrons and protons with energies of tens of Mev into L < 3 on 24 March 1991, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 821–824, 1992.
Google Scholar
Brown, R. R., Sudden commencement and sudden impulse absorption events at high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 5698–5702, 1973.
Google Scholar
Burlaga, L. F., Discontinuities and shock waves in the interplanetary medium and their interaction with the magnetosphere. Solar Terrestrial Physics, Part II, 135–158, edited by Dryer, 1970.
Google Scholar
Burlaga, L. F and K. W. Ogivile, Causes of sudden commencements and sudden impulses, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 2815, 1969.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S., On the times of sudden commencements of magnetic storms, Proc. Phys. Soc, 30, 205–214, 1918a.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S., An outline of the theory of magnetic storms, Proc. Roy. Soc, A 95, N0 666, 61–83, 1918b.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and J. Bartels, Geomagnetism, Oxford and the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1962.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and V. C. A. Ferraro, A new theory of magnetic storms, Part I — The initial phase, Terr. Mag. and Atm. Elec., 36 (2, 3), 77–97, 171–186, 1931.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and V. C. A. Ferraro, A new theory of magnetic storms. Part I — The initial phase (continued), Terr. Mag. and Atm. Elec., 37, 147–156, 421–429, 1932.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and V. C. A. Ferraro, A new theory of magnetic storms. Part II — The main phase, Terr. Mag. and Atm. Elec., 38, 79–96, 1933.
Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and V. C. A. Ferraro, The theory of the first phase of a geomagnetic storm, Terr. Mag. and Atm. Elec., 45, 245–268, 1940.
Google Scholar
Chi, P. J., C. T. Russell, J. Raeder, E. Zesta, K. Yumoto, H. Kawano, K. Kitamura, S. M. Petrinec, V. Angelopouls, G. Le, and M. B. Moldwin, Propagation of the preliminary reverse impulse of sudden commencements to low latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 106, A9, 18857–18864, doi: 10.1029/2001JA900071, 2001.
Google Scholar
Chi, P. J., D.-H. Lee, and C. T. Russell, Tamao travel time of sudden impulses and its relationship to ionospheric convection vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 106, A08, doi: 10.1029/2005JA011578, 2006.
Google Scholar
Chree, C., Sudden Commencements (S.C.s) of magnetic storms: observation and theory, Proc. Phys. Soc, 38, 35–46, 1925.
Google Scholar
Cliver, E. W., Solar activity and geomagnetic storm: The first 40 years, EOS, 75, 569, 1994.
Google Scholar
Curto, J. J., J. O. Cardús, L. F. Alberca, and E. Blanch, Milestones of the IAGA International Service of Rapid Magnetic Variations and its contribution to geomagnetic field knowledge, Earth Planets Space, 59, 463–471, 2007.
Google Scholar
Dessler, A. J. and E. N. Parker, Hydromagnetic theory of geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 2239–2252, 1959.
Google Scholar
Dessler, A. J., W. E. Francis, and E. N. Parker, Geomagnetic storm sudden-commencement rise times, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 2715–2719, 1960.
Google Scholar
Ellis, W., On the simultaneity of magnetic variations at different places on occasions of magnetic disturbances, and on the relation between magnetic and Earth current phenomena, Proc. Roy. Soc, London, 52, 191–192, 1892.
Google Scholar
Ferraro, V. C. A., On the theory of the first phase of a geomagnetic storm: a new illustrative calculation based on an idealized (plane not cylindrical) model field distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 57, 15–49, 1951.
Google Scholar
Ferraro, V. C. A. and H. W. Unthank, Sudden commencements and sudden impulses in geomagnetism: their diurnal variation in amplitude, Getofisica pure e appl., 20, 2730, 1951.
Google Scholar
Ferraro, V. C. A., W. C. Parkinson, and H. W. Unthank, Sudden commencements and sudden impulses in geomagnetism, Cheltenham, Tucson, San Juan, Honolulu, Huancayo and Watheroo, J. Geophys. Res., 56, 177–195, 1951.
Google Scholar
Fowler, G. J. and C. T. Russell, Geomagnetic field response along the polar orbit to rapid changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18943–18956, 2001.
Google Scholar
Francis, W. E., M. I. Green, and A. J. Dessler, Hydromagnetic propagation of sudden commencements of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 1643–1645, 1959.
Google Scholar
Fujita, S., T. Tanaka, T. Kikuchi, K. Fujimoto, K. Hosokawa, and M. Itonaga, A numerical simulation of the geomagnetic sudden commencement: 1. Generation of the field-aligned current associated with the preliminary impulse, J. Geophys. Res., 108, A12, 1416, doi:10. 1029/2002JA009407, 2003a.
Google Scholar
Fujita, S., T. Tanaka, T. Kikuchi, K. Fujimoto, and M. Itonaga, A numerical simulation of the geomagnetic sudden commencement: 2. Plasma processes in the main impulse, J. Geophys Res., 108, A12, 1417, doi:10. 1029/2002JA009763, 2003b.
Google Scholar
Fujita, S., T. Tanaka, and T. Motoba, A numerical simulation of the geomagnetic sudden commencement: 3. A sudden commencement in the magnetosphere-ionosphere compound system, J. Geophys. Res., doi: 10.1029/2005JA011055, 2005.
Google Scholar
Fukushima, N., Declination-change of SC, its local-time and seasonal dependence at Kakioka, Japan, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 8, 99, 1966.
Google Scholar
Gerard, V. B., The propagation of world-wide sudden commencements of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 593–596, 1959.
Google Scholar
Green, M. I., W. E. Francis, and A. J. Dessler, The refraction of hydro-magnetic waves in the geomagnetic field, Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc., 4, 360, 1959.
Google Scholar
Han, D.-S., T. Araki, H.-G. Yang, Z.-T. Chen, T. Iyemori, and P. Chi, Comparative study of Storm Sudden Commencements (SCs) by low-altitude satellite and ground observations at different local times, J. Geophys. Res., 2007 (accepted).
Google Scholar
Hashimoto, K., T. Kikuchi, and Y. Ebihara, Response of the magneto-spheric convection to sudden interplanetary magnetic field changes as reduced from the evolution of partial ring currents, J. Geophys. Res., 107, A11, 1337, doi:10.1029/2001JA009228, 2002.
Google Scholar
Hines, C. O., On the geomagnetic storm effect, J. Geophys. Res., 62, 491–492, 1957.
Google Scholar
Hines, C. O. and L. R. O. Storey, Time constants in the geomagnetic storm effect, J. Geophys. Res., 63, 671–682, 1958.
Google Scholar
Hirono, M., A theory of diurnal magnetic variations in equatorial regions and conductivity of the ionosphere E region, Geomag. Geoelectr. Kyoto, 4, 7–21, 1952.
Google Scholar
Howe, H., An unusual magnetic disturbance, Terr. Mag. and Atmos. Elec., 44, 339–340, 1939.
Google Scholar
Iyemori, T. and S. Tsunomura, Characteristics of the association between an SC and a substorm onset, Memoirs of National Institute of Polar Research, 26, 139–147, 1983.
Google Scholar
Joselyn, J. A., The automatic detection of geomagnetic-storm sudden commencements, Adv. Space Res., 5(4), 193–197, 1985.
Google Scholar
Joselyn, J. A. and B. T. Tsurutani, Geomagnetic sudden impulses and storm sudden commencements. A note on terminology, EOS, 20, 1808–1809, 1990.
Google Scholar
Kelvin (Lord), Anniversary Meeting, Roy. Soc. Proc., 52, 306–308, 1892.
Google Scholar
Khabarova, O., V. Pilipenko, M. J. Engebretson, and E. Rudenchik, Solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field features before magnetic storm onset, Proc. Of International Conference of Substorms, 8, 1–6, 2006.
Google Scholar
Kikuchi, T. and T. Araki, Horizontal transmission of the polar electric field, J. Atmos. and Terr. Phys., 41, 927–936, 1979.
Google Scholar
Kikuchi, T., H. Luehr, T. Kitamura, O. Saka, and K. Schlegel, Direct penetration of the polar electric field to the equator during a DP-2 event as detected by the auroral and equatorial magnetometer chains and the EISCAT radar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17161–17173, 1996.
Google Scholar
Kikuchi, T., S. Tsunomura, K. Hashimoto, and K. Nozaki, Field aligned current effects on midlatitude geomagnetic sudden commencements, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15555–15565, 2001.
Google Scholar
Kokubun, S., R. L. McPherron, and C. T. Russell, Triggering of substorms by solar wind discontinuities, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 74–86, 1977.
Google Scholar
Lam, M. M. and A. S. Rodger, A case study test of Araki’s Physical model of geomagnetic sudden commencement, J. Geophys. Res., 106, A7, 13135–13144, 2001.
Google Scholar
Legrand, J. P. and P. Simon, Solar cycles and geomagnetic activity: a review of geophysics. Part 1: the contribution to geomagnetic activity of shock waves and the solar wind, Annales geophysicae, 7, 565–578, 1989.
Google Scholar
Legrand, J. P. and P. Simon, A two component solar cycle, Solar Phys., 131, 187–209, 1991.
Google Scholar
Li, X., I. Roth, M. Temerin, J. R. Wygant, M. K. Hudson, and J. B. Blake, Simulation of the prompt energization and transport of radiation belt particles during the March 24, 1991 SSC event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1234–1235, 1993.
Google Scholar
Lindemann, F. A., Note on theory of magnetic storms, Phil. Mag. S. 6, 38, 228, 669–684, 1919.
Google Scholar
Lyons, L. R., D.-Y. Lee, C.-P. Wang, and S. B. Mende, Global auroral responses to abrupt solar wind change; Dynamic pressure, substorm, and null events, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A08208, doi:10. 1029/2005JA011089, 2005.
Maeda, H., K. Sakurai, T. Ondoh, and M. Yamamoto, Solar terrestrial relationships during the IGY and IGC, Ann. Geophysique, 18, 305–333, 1962.
Google Scholar
Maeda, R., N. Fukushima, and T. Nagata, Seasonal dependence of sc-field in middle and low latitudes, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 16, 239–266, 1964.
Google Scholar
Mannucci, A. J., B. T. Tsurutani, B. A. Iijima, A. Komjathy, A. Saito, W. D. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, J. U. Kozyra, and R. Skoug, Dayside global ionospheric response to the major interplanetary events of October 29–30, 2003 “Halloween Storms”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12502, doi:10.1029/2004GL021467, 2005.
Matsushita, S., On sudden commencements of magnetic storms at higher latitues, J. Geophys. Res., 62(1), 162–166 1957.
Google Scholar
Matsushita, S., Studies on sudden commencements of geomagnetic storms using IGY data from United States stations, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1423–1435, 1960.
Google Scholar
Matsushita, S., On geomagnetic sudden commencements, sudden impulses and storm durations, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3753–3777, 1962.
Google Scholar
Maunder, W., The solar origin of terrestrial magnetic disturbances, J. Brit Astro. Assoc, 16, 140–148, 1906.
Google Scholar
Mayaud, P., A hundred year series of geomagnetic data, 1868–1967: indices aa, storm sudden commencements, IAGA Bulletin no. 33, IUGG Publ. Office, Paris, 256, 1973.
Google Scholar
Mayaud, P., Analysis of storm sudden commencements for the years 1868–1967, J. Geophys. Res., 80(1), 111–122, 1975.
Google Scholar
Mayaud, P. and A. Romañà, Supplementari geomagnetic data, 1957–1975: indices Kn, Ks and Km, 1959–1963: Indices aa, 1968–1975: New list of ssc, 1968–1975: Yearly diagrams of activity, 1957–1975, IAGA Bulletin no. 39, IUGG Publ. Office, Paris, 147, 1977.
Google Scholar
McNish, A. G., Sudden commencements at Watheroo, Comptes Rendues Assemblée de Lisbone, 1933, IATME Bull no. 9, 234–238, 1934.
Google Scholar
Meadows, A. J., Early solar physics, Pergammon Press, New York, 1970.
Google Scholar
Menvielle, M., About the study of SSC from Digital Data, Proceedings of the VIthIAGA workshop, Ed Institut Royal Meteorologique de Belgique, 156–160, 1996.
Google Scholar
Moos, N. A. F., Colaba magnetic data, 1846 to 1905, Part II, The phenomenon and its discussion, Central Government Press, Bombay, 1910.
Google Scholar
Nagata, T. and S. Abe, Notes on the distribution of SC* in high latitudes, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Japan, 9, 33–44, 1955.
Google Scholar
Namikawa, T., T. Kitamura, T. Okuzawa, and T. Araki, Propagation of weak hydromagnetic discontinuity in the magnetosphere and the sudden commencement of geomagnetic storm, Rept. Ionos. Space Res. Japan, 18, 218–227, 1964.
Google Scholar
Newton, H. W., “Sudden commencements” in the Greenwich magnetic records (1879–1944) and related sunspot data, Mon. Not. Geophys. Sup-plemen, 5, 159–185, 1948.
Google Scholar
Nishida, A., Transmission of storm sudden commencements through the interplanetary space; shock wave mode and non-shock mode, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Japan, 18, 295, 1964.
Google Scholar
Nishida, A., Interpretation of SSC rise time, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Japan, 20, 42–44, 1966.
Google Scholar
Nishida, A., Geomagnetic diagnosis of the magnetosphere, 1–37, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978.
Google Scholar
Nishida, A. and J. A. Jacobs, Worldwide changes in the geomagnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 525–540, 1962.
Google Scholar
Nishida, A., N. Iwasaki, and T. Nagata, The origins of fluctuations in equatorial electrojet, a new type of geomagnetic variations, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 478–484, 1966.
Google Scholar
Obayashi, T. and J. A. Jacobs, Sudden commencements of magnetic storms and atmospheric dynamo action, J. Geophys. Res., 62, 589–616, 1957.
Google Scholar
Ohnishi, H. and T. Araki, 2-dimensional interaction between a plane hydromagnetic wave and the Earth-ionosphere system with curvature, Annales Geophysicae, 10(5): 281–287, 1992.
Google Scholar
Ondoh, T., Longitudinal distribution of SSC rise time, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 14, 198–207, 1963.
Google Scholar
Osada, S., Master thesis, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan, 1992.
Google Scholar
Piddington, J. H., The transmission of geomagnetic disturbances through the atmosphere and interplanetary space, Geophys. J., 2, 173, 1959.
Google Scholar
Pisharoty, P. R. and B. J. Srivastava, Rise times versus magnitudes of sudden commencements of geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 2189–2192, 1962.
Google Scholar
Rastogi, R. G. and N. S. Sastri, Occurrence of SSC(-+) at geomagnetic observatories in India, J. Geomag. Geoelectr, 26(6), 529–537, 1974.
Google Scholar
Rode’s, L., On the non-simultaneity of magnetic storms, Terr. Mag. and Atmos. Electr., 27(4), 161–166, 1922.
Google Scholar
Rode’s, L., Per’iodo diurno anual y secular en las perturbaciones súbitas, Terr. Mag., 37, 273–277, 1932.
Google Scholar
Romanà, A., “Report General” with the Provisional Atlas of Rapid Variations, Annals of the Int. Geophys. Year., 2B, 668–709, 1959.
Google Scholar
Russell, C. T. and M. Ginskey, Sudden impulses at low latitudes: transient response, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1015–1018, 1993.
Google Scholar
Russell, C. T., M. Ginsky, S. M. Petrinec, and G. Le, The effect of solar wind dynamic pressure changes on low and mid-latitude geomagnetic records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1227–1230, 1992.
Google Scholar
Russell, C. T., M. Ginskey, and S. M. Petrinec, Sudden impulses at low latitude stations: Steady state response for southward interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A7), 13403–13408, 1994.
Google Scholar
Sano, Y., Morphological studies on sudden commencements of magnetic storms using the rapid-run magnetograms during IGY, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 14, 1–15, 1962.
Google Scholar
Sastri, J. H., K. Yumoto, J. V S. V. Rao, and R. Subbiah, On the nature of response of dayside equatorial geomagnetic H-field to sudden magne-tospheric compressions, J. Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Phys., 68(14), 1642–1652, 2006.
Google Scholar
Schlegel, K., Space weather and Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos, Space Weather, 4, S01001, doi:10.1029/2005SW0001266, 2005.
Schuster, A., The origin of the magnetic storms, Proc. Roy. Soc, A, 85, 44–50, 1911.
Google Scholar
Simon, P. and J. P. Legrand, Solar cycles and geomagnetic activity: a review of geophysics. Part 2: the solar sources of geomagnetic activity and their links with sunspot cycle activity, Annales Geophysicae, 7, 579–594, 1989.
Google Scholar
Simon, P., J. P. Legrand, and A. Bethelier, Activité Géomagnetic et cycle solaire, in Comité National Française de Géodésie et Géophysique, Rapport Quadriennal 1991–1994, edited by Munschy, M., Sauter, D. and Schlich, R., 113–123, CNFGG. Paris, 1995.
Google Scholar
Slinker, S. P., J. A. Fedder, W. J. Hughes, and J. G. Lyons, Response of the ionosphere to a density pulse in the solar wind: simulation of travelling convection vortices, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3549–3552, 1999.
Google Scholar
Stegelmann, E. J. and C. H. von Kenschitzki, On the interpretation of the sudden commencement of geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 69(1), 139–155, 1964.
Google Scholar
Stern, D. P., A millennium of geomagnetism, Reviews of Geophys. 40(3), 1–30, 2002.
Google Scholar
Sugiura, M., The solar diurnal variation in the amplitude of sudden commencements of magnetic storms at the geomagnetic equator, J. Geophys. Res., 58, 558–559, 1953.
Google Scholar
Sugiura, M. and S. Chapman, The average morphology of magnetic storms with sudden commencement, Abh. Akad. Wiss. Göttingen. Math.-Phys. K. I. Sondereh, 4, 53, 1960.
Google Scholar
Takeuchi, T., C. T. Russell, and T. Araki, Effect of the orientation of interplanetary shock on the geomagnetic sudden commencement, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1423, 2002.
Google Scholar
Tamao, T., Hydromagnetic interpretation of geomagnetic ssc*, Rep. Ionosp. Space Res., Japan, 18, 16–31, 1964.
Google Scholar
Tanakadate, A., Short preliminary report on three sudden commencements of geomagnetic storms, Comt. Rend. L’ Assemblee Lisbonne, 1933, UGGI, Assoc. Magnetism Electr. Bull., 9, 149–157, 1934.
Google Scholar
Tsunomura, S. and T. Araki, Numerical analysis of equatorial enhancement of geomagnetic storm sudden commencement, Planet. Space Sci., 32, 599–604, 1984.
Google Scholar
Tsurutani, B. T., W D. Gonzalez, F. Tang, Syun I. Akasofu, and E. J. Smith, Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic field responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978–1979), J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8519–8531, 1988.
Google Scholar
Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, Y. Kamide, and J. K. Arballo, Magnetic Storms, Geophysical Monograph, AGU press, 98, 266, 1997.
Google Scholar
Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, G. S. Lakhina, and S. Alex, The extreme magnetic storm of 1–2 September 1859, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A7), 1268, doi:10.1029/2002JA009504, 2003.
Google Scholar
Tsurutani, B. T., R. L. McPherron, W. D. Gonzalez, G. Lu, J. H. A. Sobral, and N. Gopalswamy, Introduction to special section on corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S00, doi:10.1029/2006JA011745, 2006a.
Tsurutani, B. T., W. D. Gonzalez, A. L. C. Gonzalez, F. L. Guarnieri, N. Gopalswamy, M. Grande, Y. Kamide, Y. Kasahara, G. Lu, I. Mann, R. McPherron, F. Soraas, and V. Vasyliunas, Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S01, doi:10.1029/2005JA011273, 2006b.
Vasyliunas, V. M., Electric field and plasma flow: What drives what?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 11, 2177–2180, 2001.
Google Scholar
Vasyliunas, V. M. and P. Song, Prompt Penetration of Magnetospheric Convection to Low Latitudes: What is the Physical Mechanism? AGU Abstract #SA44A-05, December 2006.
Google Scholar
Vestine, E. H., Disturbance field of magnetic storms, Trans. Wash. Assem. 1939, Pub. IATME Bull., 11, 360–381, 1940.
Google Scholar
Watanabe, T., Law of electric conduction for waves in the ionosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 24, 117, 1962.
Google Scholar
Watson, R. A. and D. H. McIntosh, Sudden Commencements in Geomagnetism, Nature, 165(4208), 1018, 1950.
Google Scholar
Wilson, C. R. and M. Sugiura, Hydromagnetic interpretation of sudden commencements of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 4097–4111, 1961.
Google Scholar
Williams, V. L., The simultaneity of sudden commencements of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 85–92, 1960.
Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, Y., Si phenomenon, Mem. Kakioka Mag. Obs., 8, 33–40, 1958.
Google Scholar
Yamamoto, M. and H. Maeda, The simultaneity of geomagnetic sudden impulses, J. Atmosp. Terr. Phys., 22, 212–215, 1960.
Google Scholar
Yokouchi, Y., Principal magnetic disturbances at Kakioka, 1924–1951, Mem. Kakioka Geomag. Obs., 204–229, 1953.
Google Scholar