Skip to main content

Propagation characteristics of bedrock waves traveling from pre-Tertiary basement to engineering bedrock

Abstract

This study uses borehole array recordings to measure the propagation characteristics of bedrock waves traveling from pre-Tertiary basement (seismic bedrock) to engineering bedrock with an S-wave velocity of approximately 0.5–0.8 km/s. To avoid the destructive interference of surface-reflected down-going waves and incidence waves in seismic and engineering bedrock, borehole data recorded at sufficient depth levels are used in this study. This is the most important aspect of the fundamental basis of this study. The propagation characteristics, i.e., the transfer function, of bedrock motions for S-waves are well represented by a Butterworth-type low-pass filter model with a high corner frequency in excess of 15 Hz and a low decay rate of —3 power of frequency. The use of such a filter model is based on the concise representation of the transfer function from an engineering viewpoint. Simple one-dimensional ray theory with a plane wave approximation explains the characteristics of the model filter at low frequencies of less than approximately 5 Hz; however, one-dimensional ray theory with a plane wave approximation at high frequencies in excess of 5 Hz requires the unusual frequency characteristics of Q −1S (f), which increases with increasing frequency, to explain the frequency characteristics of the model filter. These facts imply that the filter gain can be determined using the impedance ratio of seismic bedrock to engineering bedrock and the attenuation characteristics of the intervening media at low frequencies less than 5 Hz. However, the cutoff frequency and decay rate of the filter must be determined from observational data.

References

  • Abercrombie, R. E., A summary of attenuation measurements from borehole recordings of earthquakes: the 10 Hz transition problem, Pure Appl. Geophys., 153, 475–487, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawase, H., Site effects on strong ground motions, in International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering seismology, 1013–1030, Academic Press, 2003.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, S., Local characteristics of fmax of bedrock motion in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, J. Phys. Earth, 40, 487–515, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, S., Deep-borehole measured Qp and Qs attenuation for two Kanto sedimentary deposit sites, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 2007 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, S. and M. Ohike, Scaling relations of earthquakes that occurred in the upper part of the Philippine sea plate beneath the Kanto region, Japan, estimated by means of borehole recordings, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 92, 611–624, 2002a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, S. and M. Ohike, Attenuation characteristics of S-waves in a sedimentary layer-basement system in the Kanto region, Japan, for a frequency range of 0.5 to 16 Hz, Zisin, 55, 19–31, 2002b (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinoshita, S. and M. Ohike, Coherency characteristics of body waves traveling in a sedimentary layer-basement system in the Kanto region, Japan, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 96, 165–175, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta, Y., N. Goto, K. Shiono, H. Takahashi, F. Yamamizu, and S. Kurihara, Shear wave velocities in deep soil deposits, Zisin, 31, 299–308, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satoh, T., T. Sato, and H. Kawase, Evaluation of local site effects and their removal from borehole records observed in the Sendai Region, Japan, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 85, 1770–1789, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steidl, J. H., A. G. Tumarkin, and R. J. Archuleta, What is a reference site?, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 86, 1733–1748, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, D. J., Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis, Proc. Of IEEE, 70, 1055–1096, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamizu, F., H. Takahashi, N. Goto, and Y. Ohta, Shear waves velocities in deep deposits, Zisin, 34, 465–479, 1981 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamamizu, F., N. Goto, Y. Ohta, and H. Takahashi, Attenuation of shear waves in deep soil deposits as revealed by down-hole measurement in the 2300 meter-borehole of the Shimosa observatory, Japan, J. Phys. Earth, 31, 139–157, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shigeo Kinoshita.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kinoshita, S. Propagation characteristics of bedrock waves traveling from pre-Tertiary basement to engineering bedrock. Earth Planet Sp 59, 1173–1179 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352064

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352064

Key words