Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Download PDF

On a possibility of parametric amplifier in the stratosphere-mesosphere suggested by active MASSA experiments with the AUREOL-3 satellite

Earth, Planets and Space volume 50, pages 827–832 (1998)Cite this article

Abstract

A short review is given of the contemporary concepts and controversies concerning the electromagnetic effects observed in space which are considered to be the results of energy transport from surface and/or lower atmosphere. A concept of a parametric amplifier in the stratosphere-mesosphere was recently suggested by the authors (1996) from the reanalysis of the experimental results from the AUREOL-3 satellite during active experiments MASSA with ground chemical explosions. Electric discharges in the stratosphere-mesosphere medium were suggested as a mechanism for this parametric amplifier. Such discharges, or localized electric current bursts in the Alfven wave frequency scale (∼0.1–1 s−1), could also play a role as a mechanism of effective energy transport from the surface to space layers. Among the possible EQ precursor effects, some can be related to local atmospheric electricity variations such as emanations of gas and/or aerosols, conductivity changes in the lower atmosphere, or non-linear combinations of acoustic waves with a meteor ionization channel. Thus a multidisciplinary search of EQ precursors, especially with regard to atmospheric electricity variations, lightning-type, or slower discharges related to meteor ionization, seems to be among the ways to deepen the understanding of the complicated relations between different layers of atmosphere and magnetosphere.

References

  • Burke, W. J., T. L. Aggson, N. C. Maynard, W. R. Hoegy, R. A. Hoffman, R. M. Candy, C. Liebrecht, and E. Rodgers, Effects of a lightning discharge detected by the DE 2 satellite over hurricane Debbie, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6359–6367, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danilov, A. V. and V. A. Dovzhenko, On excitation of electromagnetic fields during acoustic impulse entry in the ionosphere, Geomagn. Aeron., 27, 772–777, 1987 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Devyaterikov, I. A., E. A. Ivanov, S. I. Kozlov, and V. P. Kudryavtsev, Effects of acoustic waves on the behavior of charged particles in the low ionosphere, Cosmic Res., 22, 197–200, 1984 (English translation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowden, P. E., Comment on “VLF signatures of ionospheric disturbances associated with sprites” by Inan et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3421–3422, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowden, R. L., J. B. Brundell, W. A. Lyons, and T. Nelson, Detection and location of red sprites by VLF scattering of subionospheric transmissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1737–1740, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrell, W. M., T. L. Aggson, E. B. Rodgers, and W. B. Hanson, Observation of ionospheric electric fields above atmospheric weather systems, J. Geophys. Res., 99, A10, 19475–19483, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatkullin, M. N., T. I. Zelenova, and A. D. Legenka, On the ionospheric effects of asthenospheric earthquake, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 57, 82–85, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, D. and J. R. Powell, Earthquake lightning, Nature, 228, 992, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, D., R. D. Hill, and J. R. Powell, The piezoelectric theory of earthquake lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 993, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishkova, L. M., M. B. Gokhberg, and V. A. Pilipenko, Relationship between night airglow and seismic activity, Ann. Geophys., 3, 689–694, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser-Smith, A. C., A. Bernardi, P. R. McGill, M. E. Ladd, R. A. Helliwell, and O. G. Villard, Jr., Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1465–1468, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser-Smith, A. C., P. R. McGill, R. A. Helliwell, and O. G. Villard, Jr., Ultra-low frequency magnetic field measurements in southern California during the Northridge earthquake on 17 January, 1994, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2195–2198, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujinawa, Y. K., K. Takahashi, T. Matsumoto, and N. Kawakami, Experiments to locate sources of earthquakerelated VLF electromagnetic signals, Proc. Japan Acad., 73 B, No. 3, 33–38, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galper, A. M., V. V. Dmitrenko, N. V. Nikitina, et al., Relation of highenergy charged particles in the radiation belt with the Earth’s seismicity, Cosmic Res., 27, 789–792, 1989 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Galperin, Yu. I. and M. Hayakawa, On the magnetospheric effects of experimental ground explosions observed from AUREOL-3, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 48, 1241–1263, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galperin, Yu. I., V. A. Gladyshev, N. V. Jorjio, R. A. Kovrazhkin, Yu. V. Lissakov, V. D. Maslov, L. M. Nikolaenko, R. Z. Sagdeev, O. A. Molchanov, M. M. Mogilevsky, L. S. Alperovich, M. B. Gokhberg, E. A. Ivanov, O. A. Pokhotelov, H. Reme, J.-M. Bosqued, C. Beghin, and J. J. Berthelier, VLF and ELF effects in the upper ionosphere caused by large scale acoustic waves in the lower ionosphere observed from AUREOL-3 satellite, in Results of the ARCAD 3 PROJECT and of the Recent Programmes in the Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Physics, edited by CNES, CEPADUES-EDITIONS., Toulouse, pp. 661–684, 1985a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galperin, Yu. I., V. A. Gladyshev, N. V. Jorjio, R. A. Kovrazhkin, Yu. V. Lissakov, V. D. Maslov, L. M. Nikolaenko, R. Z. Sagdeev, O. A. Molchanov, M. M. Mogilevsky, L. S. Alperovich, M. B. Gokhberg, E. A. Ivanov, O. A. Pokhotelov, C. Beghin, J. J. Berthelier, J.-M. Bosqued, and H. Reme, Alfven wave excited in the middlelatitude magnetosphere by a large-scale acoustic wave propagating in lower ionosphere, Izv. AN SSSR, Phys. Earth, No. 11, 88–98, 1985b.

  • Galperin, Yu. I., V. A. Gladyshev, N. V. Jorjio, V. I. Larkina, and M. M. Mogilevsky, Energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere above the epicenter of approaching earthquake, Cosmic Res., 30, 89–106, 1992 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Geller, R. J., D. D. Jackson, Ya. Y. Kagan, and F. Mulargia, Earthquakes cannot be predicted, Science, 275, 1616–1617, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ginzburg, E. A., A. B. Malyshev, I. P. Proshkina, and V. P. Pustovetov, Correlation of strong earthquakes with variations of particle flux of the radiation belt, Geomagn. Aeron., 34, 60–67, 1994 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gokhberg, M. B., Strong acoustic wave action, in Active Experiments in Space, ESA Symp. at Alpbach, 24–28, May 1983, edited by ESA, ESA-SP195, Noordwijk, pp. 99–110, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gokhberg, M. B., V. A. Morgunov, T. Yoshino, and T. Tomizawa, Experimental measurements of electromagnetic emissions possibly related to earthquakes in Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 87, No. 9, 7824–7828, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gokhberg, M. B., V. A. Pilipenko, and O. A. Pokhotelov, Observations from a satellite of electromagnetic radiation above the region of an earthquake in preparation, Doklady AN SSSR (Reports to the USSR Acad. Sci.), 268, 56–58, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gokhberg, M. B., I. L. Gufeld, A. A. Rozhnoy, V. F. Marenko, V. S. Yampolsky, and E. A. Ponomarev, Study of seismic influence on the iono-sphere by super long-wave probing of the Earthionosphere waveguide, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 57, 64–74, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorny, V. I., A. G. Salman, A. A. Tronin, and B. V. Shilin, Outgoing infrared Earth’s radiationan indicator of seismic activity, Doklady An SSSR (Reports to the USSR Acad. Sci.), 301, No. 1, 67–69, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greifinger, C. and P. Greifinger, Transient ULF electric and magnetic fields following a lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2237–2247, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gufeld, I. L., G. A. Gusev, R. A. Lyutikov, and M. I. Matveeva, Seismic process as phase instability of the lithosphere, in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, edited by M. Hayakawa, Terra Sci. Pub. Corp., Tokyo, 1998 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa, M., Electromagnetic precursors of earthquakes: Review of recent activities, in Rev. Radio Sci. (1993-1995), edited by W. Ross Stone, pp. 807–818, Oxford Univ. Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa, M., I. Tomizawa, K. Ohta, S. Shimakura, Y. K. Fujinawa, K. Takahashi, and T. Yoshino, Direction finding of precursory radio emissions associated with earthquakes: a proposal, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 77, 127–135, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayakawa, M., R. Kawate, O. A. Molchanov, and K. Yumoto, Results of ultra-low-frequency magnetic field measurements during the Guam earthquake of 8 August 1993, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 241–244, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, T. R., V. S. Sonwalkar, R. A. Helliwell, U. S. Inan, and A. C. Fraser-Smith, A search for ELF/VLF emissions induced by earthquakes as observed in the ionosphere by the DE-2 satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9503–9509, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inan, U. S., T. F. Bell, and V. P. Pasko, Reply, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3423–3424, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. J. S., Review of electrical and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity, Surv. Geophys., 18, 441–475, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, C. Ju., Gas chemistry applied to earthquake prediction: An overview, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 12269–12290, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larkina, V. I., A. V. Nalivayko, N. I. Gershenzon, M. B. Gokhberg, V. A. Liperovsky, and S. L. Shalimov, Observations of VLF emission related with seismic activity on the Interkosmos-19 satellite, Geomagn. Aeron., 23, 684–687, 1983 (English translation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkina, V. I., V. V. Migulin, O. A. Molchanov, I. P. Kharkov, A. S. Inchin, and V. B. Schvetcova, Some statistical results on very low frequency radiowave emissions in the upper ionosphere over earthquake zones, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 57, 100–109, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martysh, E. and V. Sidorenko, Upward discharge above seismo-active regions, paper presented at the International Workshop on Seismo-Electromagnetics, Tokyo, March, 1997.

  • Merzer, M., Closefit modelling of high ULF magnetic fields preceding Loma Prieta earthquake, 1992 Regional Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Tel-Aviv, Israel, November, 1992, Program and Papers, 2-1-2, pp. 1–4, 1992.

  • Molchanov, O. A., Wave and plasma phenomena inside the ionosphere and magnetosphere associated with earthquakes, Rev. Radio Sci., Chap. 28, 591–600, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molchanov, O. A., Y. A. Kopytenko, P. V. Voronov, E. A. Kopytenko, T. Matiashvili, A. C. Fraser-Smith, and A. Bernardi, Results of ULF magnetic field measurements near the epicenters of the Spitak (Ms = 6.9) and Loma-Prieta (Ms = 7.1) earthquakes: Comparative analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1495–1498, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molchanov, O. A., O. A. Mazhaeva, A. N. Goliavin, and M. Hayakawa, Observation by the Intercosmos-24 satellite of ELF-VLF electromagnetic emissions associated with earthquakes, Ann. Geophys., 11, 431–440, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molchanov, O. A., M. Hayakawa, and V. A. Rafalsky, Penetration characteristics of electromagnetic emissions from an underground seismic source into the atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, A2, 1691–1712, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molchanov, O. A., M. Hayakawa, T. Ondoh, and E. Kawai, Precursory effects in the subionospheric VLF signals for the Kobe earthquake, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 105, 239–248, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parrot, M., Statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions recorded by a low-altitude satellite during seismic events, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23339–23345, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, E. T., Atmospheric electricity and earthquake prediction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 3, 185–188, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pokhotelov, O. A., V. A. Pilipenko, E. N. Fedorov, L. Stenflo, and P. K. Shukla, Induced electromagnetic turbulence in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, Phys. Scr., 50, 600–605, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pulinets, S. A., Conjugate seismo-ionospheric variations before strong earthquakes, in Atmospheric and Ionospheric Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, edited by M. Hayakawa, Terra Sci. Pub. Corp., Tokyo, 1998 (in press).

  • Qiang Zuji, Thermal infrared anomaly-precursor of impending earthquakes, Chin. Sci. Bull., 36, No. 4, 319–324, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rikitake, T., Earthquake prediction: an empirical approach, Tectono-physics, 148, 195–288, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roger, C. J., N. R. Thomson, and R. L. Dowden, A search for ELF/VLF activity associated with earthquakes using ISIS satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, A6, 13369–13378, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roussel-Dupre, R. A., A. V. Gurevich, T. Tunnell, and G. M. Milikh, Kinetic theory of runaway air breakdown, Phys. Rev., 49, No. 3, 2257–2271, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, H. L., R. F. Fernsler, J. D. Huba, and P. A. Bernhardt, Lightning driven EMP in upper atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 361–364, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sentman, D. D. and E. M. Wescott, Observations of upper atmospheric optical flashes recorded from an aircraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2857–2860, 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sukhorukov, A. I., E. A. Rudenchik, and P. Stubbe, Simulation of the strong lightning pulse penetration into the lower ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2911–2914, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Surkov, V. V., Excitation of low-frequency geomagnetic oscillation upon the propagation of a vertical acoustic wave in the E-layer of the ionosphere, Geomagn. Aeron., 32, 332–336, 1992 (English translation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winckler, J. R., Further observations of cloudionosphere electrical discharges above thunderstorms, J. Geophys. Res., 100, D7, 14335–14345, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Research Institute, 117810, Moscow, Russia

    Yu. Galperin

  2. University of Electro-Communications, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan

    M. Hayakawa

Authors
  1. Yu. Galperin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Hayakawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Galperin, Y., Hayakawa, M. On a possibility of parametric amplifier in the stratosphere-mesosphere suggested by active MASSA experiments with the AUREOL-3 satellite. Earth Planet Sp 50, 827–832 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352175

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352175

Keywords

  • Energy Transport
  • Lightning Discharge
  • Lower Ionosphere
  • Alfven Wave
  • Atmospheric Electricity