Skip to main content

Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake

Abstract

In this study, acceleration time histories of the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) earthquake, are simulated using a stochastic modeling technique for finite faults proposed by Beresnev and Atkinson (1997). The fault length, width and the depth to the top of the fault for the earthquake are assumed 30 km, 21 km and 15 km, respectively, based on the aftershock distribution. Simulations are made for two common site classes: soil and rock. Their response characteristics are obtained from the site-specific amplification functions estimated for the weak motion seismograms at stations located in the region using spectral ratio methods. The results show that the overall agreement between simulated and observed waveforms and spectra is quite satisfying. However, significant discrepancies exist at certain stations, implying that site amplification functions play an important role in the simulation process. The effects of nonlinearity and basin edge generated surface waves do not clearly dominate on the results. The peak horizontal acceleration contours estimated using the calibrated model are consistent with the observed intensity values and the other evidences of strong ground motions.

References

  • Adalier, K. and O. Aydingun, Liquefaction during the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) earthquake, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 18, 155–174, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adalier, K. and O. Aydingun, Structural engineering aspects of the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) earthquake, Engineering Structures, 23, 343–355, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akinci, A., A. G. Taktak, and S. Ergintav, Attenuation of coda waves in Western Anatolia, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter, 87, 155–165, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aktar, M., M. Ergin, S. Ozalaybey, C. Tap0idamaz, A. Yoruk, and F. Bicmen, A lower-crustal event in the Northeastern Mediterranean: The 1998 Adana earthquake (Mw=6.2) and its aftershocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2361–2364, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. G. and S. E. Hough, A model for the shape of the Fourier spectrum of acceleration at high frequencies, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 74, 1969–1993, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, G. M., Attenuation and source parameters of earthquakes in the Cascadia region, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 1327–1342, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, G. M. and I. A. Beresnev, Ground motions at Memphis and St. Louis from M 7.5-8.0 earthquakes in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 1015–1024, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, G. M. and D. M. Boore, Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 74–85, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barka, A., S. Akyuz, and E. Altunel, Active Tectonics of the Adana Region and The 1998 Adana Earthquake, Aktif Tektonik-2, edited by A. Barka, S. Akyuz, and E. Altunel, TDV, 20–31, 1998 (in Turkish with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Benetatos, C. A. and A. A. Kiratzi, Stochastic strong ground motion sim-ulation of intermediate depth earthquakes: the cases of the 30 May 1990 Vrancea (Romania) and of the 22 January 2002 Karpathos island (Greece) earthquakes, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 24, 1–9, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berardi, R., M. J. Jimenez, G. Zonno, and M. Garcia-Fernandez, Calibration of stochastic finite-fault ground motion simulations for the 1997 Umbria-Marche, Central Italy, earthquake sequence, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 20, 315–324, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beresnev, I. A. and G. M. Atkinson, Modeling finite-fault radiation from the ωn spectrum, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 87, 67–84, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beresnev, I. A. and G. M. Atkinson, FINSIM: a FORTRAN program for simulating stochastic acceleration time histories from finite faults, Seism. Res. Lett., 69, 27–32, 1998a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beresnev I. A. and G. M. Atkinson, Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake. I. Validation on rock sites, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 88, 1392–1401, 1998b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beresnev, I. A. and G. M. Atkinson, Generic finite-fault model for ground motion prediction in eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89, 608–625, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beresnev, I. A. and G. M. Atkinson, Source parameters of earthquakes in Eastern and Western North America based on finite-fault modeling, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 695–710, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beresnev, I. A. and K.-L. Wen, Nonlinear soil response: a reality?, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1964–1978, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M., Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 73, 1865–1894, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M., Use of seismoscope records to determine ML and peak velocities, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 74, 315–324, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M., SMSIM-Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes: version 1.0, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept, 96-80-A, 73 pp, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M. and G. M. Atkinson, Stochastic prediction of ground motion and spectral response parameters at hard-rock sites in eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77, 440–467, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M. and W. Joyner, Site amplification for generic rock sites, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 87, 327–341, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boore, D. M., W. Joyner, and T. Fumal, Estimation of response spectra and peak acceleration from Western North American earthquakes: an interim report, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept., 93–509, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borcherdt, R. D., Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 60, 29–61, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Celebi, M., Revelations from a single strong-motion record retrieved during the 27 June 1998 Adana (Turkey) earthquake, Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 20, 283–288, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin, H. and R. Demirtas, Jeolojik ve topografik faktorlerin 27 Haziran, 1998 Adana depremi hasar dag0il0im0i uzerindeki etkisi, Kentlesme ve Jeoloji Sempozyumu, Avcilar Belediye Baskanl0ig0i, 141–150, 1998 (in Turkish).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. and G. M. Atkinson, Global comparisons of earthquake source spectra, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 885–895, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdik, M. and E. Durukal, Simulation modeling of strong ground motion, in Earthquake Engineering Handbook, edited by W F. Chen and C. Scawthorn, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 6-16-67, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyner, W, Strong motion from surface waves in deep sedimentary basins, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, S95–S112, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanks, T. C. and R. K. McGuire, The character of high-frequency strong ground motion, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 71, 2071–2095, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatzidimitriou, P. M., S-wave attenuation in the crust in northern Greece, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 85, 1381–1387, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horasan, G. and A. Boztepe-Guney, S-wave attenuation in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 142, 215–224, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hruby, C. E. and I. A. Beresnev, Empirical corrections for basin effects in stochastic ground-motion prediction, based on the Los Angles basin analysis, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 1679–1690, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamae, K. and K. Irikura, Prediction of site-specific strong ground motion using semiempirical methods, in Proc. of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Madrid, Spain, 19–24 July 1992, 801–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozlu, H., Stratigraphy and structural evolution of Misis-Andirin region, Turkish 7th Petroleum Congress, 1987 (in Turkish with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lermo, J. and F. J. Chavez-Garcia, Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 1574–1594, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaris, B. N. and D. M. Boore, Determination of Δσ and κ0 from response spectra of large earthquakes in Greece, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 88, 170–182, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, B. J., Anelastic structure and evolution of the continental crust and upper mantle from seismic wave attenuation, Rev. Geophys., 33, 441–462, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MTA, 1:500.000 scale geological maps of Turkey, No: 15, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, 2002.

  • Nakamura, Y., A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface, QR Railway Tech. Res. Inst., 30, 25–33, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roumelioti, Z. and I. A. Beresnev, Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake: application to rock and soil sites with implications for nonlinear site response, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 1691–1702, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roumelioti, Z. and A. A. Kiratzi, Stochastic simulation of strong-motion records from the 15 April 1979 (M 7.1) Montenegro earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 1095–1101, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. K., B. K. Bansal, S. N. Bhattacharya, J. F Pacheco, R. S. Dattatrayam, M. Ordaz, G. Suresh, Kamal, and S. E. Hough, Estimation of ground motion for Bhuj (26 January 2001; Mw 7.6) and for future earthquakes in India, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 353–370, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somerville, P. G., Magnitude scaling of the near fault rupture directivity pulse, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 137, 201–212, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toro, G. R., N. A. Abrahamson, and J. F Schneider, Model of strong ground motions from earthquakes in central and eastern North America: best estimates and uncertainties, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 41–57, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulusay, R., O. Aydan, H. Kumsar, and H. Sonmez, Engineering geological characteristics of the 1998 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake, with particular emphasis on liquefaction phenomena and the role of soil behaviour, Bull. Eng. Geol. Env, 59, 99–118, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utkucu, M., A. Pinar, and O. Alptekin, Finite-source modelling of the June 27, 1998, Adana, Turkey earthquake (Mw=6.4) from broadband teleseismic P and SH waveforms, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., Fall Meet. Suppl., 82, F973, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalcinkaya, E. and O. Alptekin, Site effect and its relationship with the intensity and damage observed in the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake, Pageoph, 2005a (in print).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalcinkaya, E. and O. Alptekin, Contributions of the basin edge induced surface waves to site effect in the Dinar basin, Southwestern Turkey, Pageoph, 2005b (in print).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Esref Yalcinkaya.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yalcinkaya, E. Stochastic finite-fault modeling of ground motions from the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake. Earth Planet Sp 57, 107–115 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352554

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352554

Key words