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Numerical simulation of tsunamis generated by caldera collapse during the 7.3 ka Kikai eruption, Kyushu, Japan

Earth, Planets and Space volume 58, pages 1013–1024 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

The relationship between tsunamis and scales of caldera collapse during a 7.3 ka eruption of the Kikai volcano were numerically investigated, and a hypothetical caldera collapse scale was established. Wave height, arrival time, and run-up height and distance were determined at some locations along the coastline around Kikai caldera, using non-linear long-wave equations and caldera collapse models using parameters showing the difference in geometry between pre- and post-collapse and the collapse duration. Whether tsunamis become large and inundations occur in coasts is estimated by the dimensionless collapse speed. Computed tsunamis were then compared with geological characteristics found in coasts. The lack of evidence of tsunami inundation at Nejime, 65 km from the caldera, suggests that any tsunamis were small; indicating that the upper limit of dimensionless caldera collapse speed was 0.01. On the other hand, on the coast of the Satsuma Peninsula, 50 km from the caldera, geological characteristics suggests that tsunamis did not inundate, or that even if tsunamis inundated the area, the traces of a tsunami have been eroded by a climactic pyroclastic flow or the tsunami itself and they have not been left. In numerical computations, when a dimensionless caldera collapse speed is more than 0.003, tsunami can inundate this area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    Fukashi Maeno

  2. Earhquake Research Institute, Tokyo University, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

    Fukashi Maeno

  3. Disaster Control Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan

    Fumihiko Imamura

  4. Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8576, Japan

    Hiromitsu Taniguchi

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  1. Fukashi Maeno
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Correspondence to Fukashi Maeno.

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Maeno, F., Imamura, F. & Taniguchi, H. Numerical simulation of tsunamis generated by caldera collapse during the 7.3 ka Kikai eruption, Kyushu, Japan. Earth Planet Sp 58, 1013–1024 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352606

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