- Article
- Open access
- Published:
Micro-tilt changes preceding summit explosions at Semeru volcano, Indonesia
Earth, Planets and Space volume 59, pages 151–156 (2007)
Abstract
A two-axis tiltmeter installed at the summit of Semeru volcano, Indonesia, reveals two different modes of deformation, short-term and longer-term. The short-term variations are inflations precursory to the occurrence of summit explosions. The time intervals between the explosions range from several minutes to several tens of minutes, and the maximum precursory tilt change observed is about 0.1–0.2 μrad. This change in tilt is interpreted to reflect a shallow pressurization source, just beneath the active crater. The longer-term tilt changes are displayed over a period of several days to weeks, and a steady inflation during a period of nearly 2 weeks preceded the occurrence of pyroclastic flows on December 22, 2005. Both short-term and longer-term changes are confined to the radial tilt component, pointing toward the active crater and conduit. To explain both of these tilt changes we propose relatively shallow conduit pressurization, although at somewhat deeper levels in the case of longer-term deformation. The causative mechanisms involve gas exsolution, microlite crystallization, and rheological stiffening, which results in greater flow resistance and dynamic pressure in the upper conduit, thus causing the edifice tilts observed. The gas pore pressure in the magma builds until the threshold required to trigger explosive fragmentation is reached.
References
Dzurisin, D., Electronic tiltmeters for volcano monitoring: lessons from Mount St. Helens, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 1966, 69–83, 1992.
Iguchi, M., T. Tameguri, and H. Yakiwara, Very-long period seismic pulses associated with small-scale eruptions at Suwanosejima volcano, Japan, Eos. Trans. AGU, 85(28), West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract V23A-76, 2004.
Ishihara, K., Pressure sources and induced ground deformation associated with explosive eruptions at an andesitic volcano: Sakurajima volcano, Japan, in Magma Transport and Storage, edited by M. P. Ryan, 335 pp., John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1990.
Kusumadinata, K., Catalogue of References on Indonesian Volcanoes with Eruptions in Historical Time, 304 pp., Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, 1979.
Melnik, O. and R. S. J. Sparks, Modelling of conduit flow dynamics during explosive activity at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, Geol. Soc. London, Mem., 21, 307–317, 2002.
Mogi, K., Relations between the eruptions of various volcanoes and the deformations of the ground surfaces around them, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, 36, 99–134, 1958.
Sparks, S., Causes and consequences of pressurization in lava dome eruptions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 350, 177–189, 1997.
Tameguri, T., M. Iguchi, H. Triastuty, I. Mulyana, M. Hendrasto, and A. D. Wirakusumah, Observation of eruption and air-shocks accompanied with small explosive eruptions at Semeru volcano, East Java, Indonesia, Annu. Disaster Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 46B, 779–786, 2003.
Voight, B., R. P. Hoblitt, A. B. Clarke, A. B. Lockhart, A. D. Miller, L. Lynch, and J. McMahon, Remarkable cyclic ground deformation monitored in real-time on Montserrat, and its use in eruption forecasting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3405–3408, 1998.
Voight, B., R. S. J. Sparks, A. D. Miller, R. C. Stewart, R. P. Hoblitt, et al., Magma flow instability and cyclic activity at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, Science, 283, 1138–1142, 1999.
Voight, B., K. D. Young, D. Hidayat, Subandrio, M. A. Purbawinata, A. Ratdomopurbo, Suharna, Panut, D. S. Sayudi, R. LaHusen, J. Marso, T. L. Murray, M. Dejean, M. Iguchi, and K. Ishiharta, Deformation and seismic precursors to dome-collapse and fountain-collapse nuees ardentes at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, 1994–1998, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 100, 261–287, 2000.
Young, K. D., B. Voight, Subandrio, Sajiman, Miswanto, R. W. LaHusen, and J. Marso, Tilt monitoring, lava dome growth, and pyroclastic flow generation at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia, Geol. Soc. Am. Annu. Meet. 26, 483, 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Nishi, K., Hendrasto, M., Mulyana, I. et al. Micro-tilt changes preceding summit explosions at Semeru volcano, Indonesia. Earth Planet Sp 59, 151–156 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352688
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352688