Skip to main content
Earth, Planets and Space
Download PDF

Volume 59 Supplement 7

Special Issue: Perspectives of Geomagnetism: Geodynamo, Paleomagnetism, and Rock magnetism—Tribute to Prof. Masaru Kono

On long-term trends in European geomagnetic observatory biases

Earth, Planets and Space volume 59, pages 685–695 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

We investigated the European geomagnetic observatory biases over 42 years, considered as contributions of the crustal field, and generally assumed to be constant in time. To estimate these biases, we compared observatory annual means to predictions given by the continuous CM4 model, and to four other core field models for different epochs. Solar-cycle related external fields are clearly present in the residuals. Although well-known, no suitable model to minimise them exists. We found that an empirical approach, taking advantage of the homogeneity of the external influences in the European region, can minimise these influences. Their reduction is better than when the external field description included in the comprehensive CM4 model is used. At several locations clear long-term trends remain after subtraction of the core field and minimisation of external fields. We investigated whether they are due to an insufficient description of the core field secular variation by the CM4 model, or to changes in induced lithospheric fields.

References

  • Alldredge, L., Effects of solar activity on annual means of geomagnetic components, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2990–2996, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, J. C., J. Frayser, L. Muth, and D. Schmitz, The use of Magsat data to determine secular variation, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5903–5910, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, J. C., Z. Wang, C. Kluth, and D. R. Schmitz, Derivation of a geomagnetic model ton = 63, Geophys. J. Roy. Astr. Soc, 97, 431–441, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambodut, A. and M. Mandea, Evidence for geomagnetic jerks in comprehensive model, Earth Planets Space, 57, 139–149, 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Courtillot, V. and J.-L. Le Mouël, On the long period variations of the Earth’s magnetic field from 2 months to 20 years, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2941–2950, 1976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gubbins, D. and J. Bloxham, Geomagnetic field ananlysis—III. Magnetic fields on the core-mantle boundary, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc, 80, 695–713,1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jankowski, J. and C. Sucksdorff, IAGA Guide for magnetic measurements and observatory practice, International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langel, R. and W. Hinze, The magnetic field of the Earth’s lithosphere: The satellite perspective, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Langel, R. A., R. H. Estes, and G. D. Mead, Some new methods in geomagnetic field modeling applied to the 1960–1980 epoch, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 34, 327–349, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langel, R. A., R. H. Estes, and T. J. Sabaka, Uncertainty estimates in geomagnetic field modelling, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12,281–12,299, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lesur, V. and D. Gubbins, Using geomagnetic secular variation to separate remanent and induced sources of the crustal magnetic field, Geophys. J. Int., 142, 889–897, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, S., S. Maus, T. Bondar, A. Chambodut, V. Golovkov, R. Holme, B. Langlais, V. Lesur, F. Lowes, H. Lühr, W. Mai, M. Mandea, N. Olsen, M. Rother, T. Sabaka, A. Thomson, and I. Wardinski, The 9th-generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field, Geophys. J. Int., 155, 1051–1056, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, S. and A. Thomson, An examination of observatory biases during the Magsat and Ørsted missions, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 135, 97–105, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandea, M. and B. Langlais, Observatory crustal magnetic biases during MAGSAT and Oersted satellite missions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 11–15, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maus, S., A global lithospheric field model with reduced noise level polar regions, Geophys. Res. Let., 2006 (submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maus, S., H. Lühr, G. Balasis, M. Rother, and M. Mandea, Introducing POMME, The Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth, In Earth Observation with CHAMP, Results from Three Years in Space, edited by C. Reigber, H. Lühr, P. Schwintzer, and J. Wickert, 293-298, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maus, S., M. Rother, K. Hemant, C. Stolle, H. Lühr, A. Kuvshinov, and N. Olsen, Earth’s lithospheric magnetic field determined to spherical harmonic degree 90 from CHAMP satellite measurements, Geophys. J. Int., 164, 319–330, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maus, S., M. Rother, C. Stolle, W. Mai, S. Choi, H. Lühr, D. Cooke, and C. Roth, Third generation of the Potsdam Magnetic Model of the Earth (POMME), Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 7, Q07008, doi:10.1029/ 2006GC001269, 2006.

  • Sabaka, T., N. Olsen, and R. Langel, A comprehensive model of the quiet-time, near Earth magnetic field: Phase3, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 32–68, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabaka, T., N. Olsen, and M. Purucker, Extending comprehensive models of the Earth’s magnetic field with Ørsted and CHAMP data, Geophys. J. Int., 159, 521–547, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, N., A model of the geomagnetic field and its secular variation for epoch 2000 estimated from Ørsted data, Geophys. J. Int., 149, 455–463, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, N., T. Sabaka, M. Mandea, M. Rother, L. T. Clausen, and S. Choi, CHAOS-a model of the Earth’s magnetic field derived from CHAMP, Ørsted, and SAC-C magnetic satellite data, Geophys. J. Int., 166, 67–75, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yukutake, T. and J. C. Cain, Solar Cycle Variations Annual Mean Values of the Geomagnetic Components of Observatory Data, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 39, 19–46, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac bb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Giuli Verbanac

  2. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Giuli Verbanac, Monika Korte & Mioara Mandea

Authors
  1. Giuli Verbanac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Monika Korte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mioara Mandea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuli Verbanac.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Verbanac, G., Korte, M. & Mandea, M. On long-term trends in European geomagnetic observatory biases. Earth Planet Sp 59, 685–695 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352731

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352731

Key words