Skip to main content

Volume 60 Supplement 4

Special Issue: Lunar Science with the SELENE “Kaguya” Mission-Prelaunch Studies-

Ground calibration of the high-sensitivity SELENE lunar magnetometer LMAG

Abstract

Ground calibration experiments of the SELENE high sensitivity fluxgate Lunar Magnetometer (LMAG) have been performed in order to determine the alignment, sensitivity, and offset of the sensors (MGF-S). It is checked out that the sensors are orthogonal to each other within 0.4 degrees, and the linearity of the ambient magnetic field and the output from the sensors are confirmed. Also, the temperature dependences of the offset and sensitivity are examined but no clear signatures of temperature dependencies can be seen. SELENE has an in-flight calibration system in order to determine the direction of the magnetometer routinely. The magnetic fields generated by the sensor alignment monitor coil (SAM-C) system are used for the in-flight calibration. The magnetic field distributions generated by SAM-C are determined and the accuracy of determination of the magnetometer position and direction is estimated. Multiple measurements will allow us to determine the direction of MGF-S with about 0.1-degree accuracy. Appropriate corrections from the results of the ground and in-flight calibrations will allow us to recover the magnetic field near the moon with accuracy about 0.1 nT.

References

  • Anderson, B. J., L. J. Zanetti, D. H. Lohr, J. R. Hayes, M. H. Acuña, C. T. Russell, and T. Mulligan, In-flight calibration of the NEAR magnetometer, IEEE Trans. on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39, 907–917, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, M. K., S. Kellock, D. J. Southwood, A. Balogh, E. J. Smith, B. T. Tsurutani, B. Gerlach, K.-H. Glassmeier, F. Gleim, C. T. Russell, G. Erdos, F. M. Neubauer, and S. W. H. Cowley, The Cassini magnetic field investigation, Space Science Rev., 114, 331–383, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyal, P., C. W. Parkin, and W. D. Daily, Lunar electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th, 2909–2926, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyal, P., C.W. Parkin, and W. D. Daily, Structure of the lunar interior from magnetic field measurements, Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 7th, 3077–3095, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halekas, J. S., D. L. Mitchell, R. P. Lin, S. Frey, L. L. Hood, M. H. Acuña, and A. B. Binder, Mapping of crustal magnetic anomalies on the lunar near side by the Lunar Prospector electron reflectometer, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27841–27852, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, B. A., The inverse problem of the moon’s electrical conductivity, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 17, 380–384, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L. L., Magnetic field and remanent magnetization effects of basinforming impacts on the moon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 844–847, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L. L. and G. Schubert, Lunar magnetic anomalies and surface optical properties, Science, 208, 49–51, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L. L., P. J. Coleman, Jr., and D. E. Wilhelms, The moon: sources of the crustal magnetic anomalies, Science, 204, 53–57, 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L. L., F. Herbert, and C. P. Sonett, The deep lunar electrical conductivity profile: Structural and thermal inferences, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5311–5326, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L. L., D. L. Mitchell, R. P. Lin, M. H. Acuña, and A. B. Binder, Initial measurements of lunar induced magnetic dipole moment using Lunar Prospector magnetomter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2327–2330, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, L. L., A. Zakharian, J. Halekas, D. L. Mitchell, R. P. Lin, M. H. Acuña, and A. B. Binder, Initial mapping and interpretation of lunar crustal magnetic anomalies using Lunar Prospector magnetometer data, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27825–27839, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurata, M., H. Tsunakawa, Y. Saito, H. Shibuya, M. Matsushima, and H. Shimizu, Mini-magnetosphere over the Reiner Gamma magnetic anomaly region on the moon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24205, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024097, 2005.

  • Lee, D. C., A. N. Halliday, G. A. Snyder, and L. A. Taylor, Age and origin of the moon, Science, 278, 1098–1103, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lohr, D. A., L. J. Zanetti, B. J. Anderson, T. A. Potemra, J. R. Hayes, R. E. Gold, R. M. Henshaw, F. F. Mobrey, and D. B. Holland, NEAR magnetic field investigation, instrumentation, spacecraft magnetic and data access, Space Science Rev., 82, 225–281, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, N., L. Toeffiner-Clausen, T. J. Sabaka, P. Brauer, J. M. G. Merayo, J. L. Joergensen, J.-M. Léger, O. V. Nielsen, F. Primdahl, and T. Risbo, Calibration of the Oersted vector magnetometer, Earth Planets Space, 55, 11–18, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Righter, K., Does the moon have a metallic core? Constraints from giant impact modeling and siderophile elements, Icarus, 158, 1–13, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risbo, T., P. Brauer, J. M. G. Merayo, O. V. Nielsen, J. R. Petersen, F. Primdahl, and I. Richter, Oersted pre-flight magnetometer calibration mission, Meas. Sci. Technol., 14, 674–688, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runcorn, S. K., The formation of the lunar core, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 1205–1208, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, C. T., P. J. Coleman, Jr., and B. E. Goldstein, Measurements of the lunar induced magnetic moment in the geomagnetic tail: Evidence for a lunar core?, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., 12, 831–836, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyoshima, M., H. Shibuya, M. Matsushima, H. Shimizu, and H. Tsunakawa, Equivalent source mapping of the lunar crustal magnetic field using ABIC, Earth Planets Space, 60, this issue, 365–373, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto, T., S. Kokubun, and GEOTAIL/PLANET-B MGF Team, Ground calibration of high-sensitivity magnetometers for spacecraft use, Uchu Kagaku Kenkyuusho Houkoku, 88, 1–24, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hisayoshi Shimizu.

Rights and permissions

Open Access  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shimizu, H., Takahashi, F., Horii, N. et al. Ground calibration of the high-sensitivity SELENE lunar magnetometer LMAG. Earth Planet Sp 60, 353–363 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352800

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352800

Key words