Special Issue: Flare-Substorm/Space Weather Topics
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Halo coronal mass ejections and geomagnetic storms
Earth, Planets and Space volume 61, pages 595–597 (2009)
Abstract
In this letter, I show that the discrepancies in the geoeffectiveness of halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reported in the literature arise due to the varied definitions of halo CMEs used by different authors. In particular, I show that the low geoeffectiveness rate is a direct consequence of including partial halo CMEs. The geoeffectiveness of partial halo CMEs is lower because they are of low speed and likely to make a glancing impact on Earth.
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Gopalswamy, N. Halo coronal mass ejections and geomagnetic storms. Earth Planet Sp 61, 595–597 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352930
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352930