- Article
- Open access
- Published:
Local differences in great magnetic storms observed at middle and low latitudes
Earth, Planets and Space volume 61, pages 995–1001 (2009)
Abstract
The dependence of the storm-time amplitude on longitude and latitude was analyzed by statistically investigating great magnetic storms observed at different observatories. First, we compared the storm-time ranges observed at Beijing Observatory (BJI) and San Juan Observatory (SJG) to reveal their longitudinal dependence. It was found that the difference between BJI and SJG could be fitted by the 4-order Fourier series approximation, and the storm-time H ranges at dawn were less than those at dusk. Second, we carried out a case study of two typical storms, and analyzed the focused local time when peak storm-time H ranges occurred. The results confirmed the above conclusion. Third, a statistical study was conducted for all magnetic storms observed at the 120°E magnetic chain in eastern China for 1995–2004 to reveal the latitudinal dependence of storm-time ranges. It was found the relationship depended on the activity of analyzed storms and became complicated for giant storms with Dst ≤ −300 nT.
References
Akasofu, S.-I. and S. Chapman, On the asymmetric development of magnetic storm fields in low and middle latitudes, Planet. Space Sci., 12, 607–626, 1964.
Chapman, S. and J. Bartels, Geomagnetism, 274 pp., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1940.
Clauer, C. R. and R. L. McPherron, The relative importance of the interplanetary electric field and magnetosphere substorms on partial ring current development, J. Geophys. Res., 85(A12), 6747–6759, 1980.
Crooker, N. U. and G. L. Siscoe, Model geomagnetic disturbance from asymmetric ring currents particles, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 589–594, 1974.
Crooker, N. U. and G. L. Siscoe, Birkeland current as the cause of the low-latitude asymmetric disturbance field, J. Geophys. Res., 86(A13), 11201–11210, 1981.
Feldstein, Y. I., A. Grafe, L. I. Gromova, and V. A. Popov, Auroral elec-trojets during geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 102(A7), 14223–14235, 1997.
Fukushima, N. and Y. Kamide, Partial ring current models for worldwide geomagnetic disturbances, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 11(4), 795–853, 1973.
Gonzalez, W. D., J. A. Joselyn, Y. K. Kamide, H. W. Kroehl, G. Rostoker, B. T. Tsurutani, and V. M. Vasyliunas, What is a geomagnetic storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A4), 5771–5792, 1994.
Grafe, A., Are our ideas about Dst correct?, Ann. Geophys., 17, 1–10, 1999.
Grafe, A. et al., Evolution of the low-latitude geomagnetic storm field and the importance of turbulent diffusion for ring current particle losses, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A11), 24,689–24,706, 1996.
Iyemori, T., Storm-time magnetospheric currents inferred from mid-latitude geomagnetic field variations, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 42, 1249–1265, 1990.
Iyemori, T., Formation of the storm-time ring current and the Dst field: some recent topics, in magnetospheric current systems, Geophysical Monograph 118, 331–338, 2000.
Jordanova, V. K. et al., Ring current asymmetry from global simulations using a high-resolution electric field model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A12), 1443, 2003.
Kamide, Y. and N. Fukushima, Analysis of magnetic storms with Dr-indices for equatorial ring current field, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Jpn., 25, 125–162, 1971.
Kamide, Y. and S. Matsusita, Simulation studies of ionospheric electric fields and currents in relation to field-aligned currents (2. substorms), J. Geophys. Res., 84(A8), 4099–4115, 1979.
Kawasaki, K. and S. I. Akasofu, Low-latitude DS component of geomagnetic storm field, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 2396–2405, 1971.
Li, Q., Y. Gao, and D. Han, Analysis on magnetic storms reported by Beijing observatory, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 67(10), 853–861, 2005.
Liemohn, M. W. et al., Domininant role of the asymmetric ring current in producing the stormtime Dst*, J. Geophys. Res., 106(A6), 10,883–10,904, 2001.
Maltsev, Y. P., Points of controversy in the study of magnetic storms, Space Sci. Rev., 110, 227–267, 2004.
Ohtani, S. et al., Storm-substorm relationship: Contribution of the tail current to Dst, J. Geophys. Res., 106(A10), 21,199–21,209, 2001.
Sun, W., B.-H. Ahn, and S.-I. Akasofu, A comparison of observed mid-latitude magnetic disturbance fields with those reproduced from the high-latitude modeling current system, J. Geophys. Res., 89(A12), 10881–10889, 1984.
Takahashi, S., M. Takeda, and Y. Yamada, Simulation of storm-time partial ring current system and the dawn-dusk asymmetry of geomagnetic variation, Planet. Space Sci., 39, 821–832, 1991.
Turner, N. E. and D. N. Baker, Evaluation of the tail current contribution to Dst, J. Geophys. Res., 105(A3), 5431–5439, 2000.
Xu, W. Y., Geomagnetic effects of the inner magnetospheric current system, Chin. J. Geophys., 35(1), 1–8, 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Q., Gao, Y., Wang, J. et al. Local differences in great magnetic storms observed at middle and low latitudes. Earth Planet Sp 61, 995–1001 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352949
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352949