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Volume 54 Supplement 3

Special Issue: Satsuma-Iwojima: Continuous degassing of a rhyolitic volcano

Decade-long study of degassing at Kudriavy volcano, Iturup, Kurile Islands (1990–1999): Gas temperature and composition variations, and occurrence of 1999 phreatic eruption

Earth, Planets and Space volume 54, pages 337–347 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

A high-temperature (up to 940°C) fumarolic activity at Kudriavy volcano had been studied during 1990–1999. The maximum gas temperatures of the fumaroles were measured in 1992 as 940°C, then gradually decreased with time and reached to 907°C in 1999. Gas composition of the high-temperature fumarole became enriched in H2O and depleted in other gas components, in particular in CO2. Hydrogen isotopic compositions of the high-temperature fumarolic gases were gradually depleted in deuterium. The gradual and continuous decrease in temperature and changes in gas composition observed during the last 10-year suggest that a magmatic melt have been degassing in a relatively steady-state manner from a single magma chamber. The detail investigations in 1998 and 1999 revealed short-term changes in gas composition characterized by sporadic increases in H2, CO2, and Stotal after intense precipitations. Small-scale eruptions occurred on October 7, 1999 at the summit. The ratios of major gas components (C/S, C/Cl, S/Cl, C/F, S/F, and Cl/F) significantly increased just prior to the eruption. The eruption at the Kudriavy volcano in 1999 was likely a phreatic eruption as a result of the intense precipitations after unusually long dry period. Meteoric water penetrated into the hot zone of volcano edifice and rapidly boiled causing the eruption.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia

    Mikhail A. Korzhinsky, Roman E. Botcharnikov & Sergey I. Tkachenko

  2. Institute of Volcanology and Geodynamics, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693008, Russia

    Genrikh S. Steinberg

Authors
  1. Mikhail A. Korzhinsky
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  2. Roman E. Botcharnikov
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  3. Sergey I. Tkachenko
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  4. Genrikh S. Steinberg
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Correspondence to Mikhail A. Korzhinsky.

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Korzhinsky, M.A., Botcharnikov, R.E., Tkachenko, S.I. et al. Decade-long study of degassing at Kudriavy volcano, Iturup, Kurile Islands (1990–1999): Gas temperature and composition variations, and occurrence of 1999 phreatic eruption. Earth Planet Sp 54, 337–347 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353032

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353032

Keywords

  • Meteoric Water
  • Fumarolic Activity
  • Phreatic Eruption
  • Intense Rain
  • Central Crater