- Article
- Open access
- Published:
What ancient scalar satellite data can tell us about the 1969 geomagnetic jerk?
Earth, Planets and Space volume 61, pages 885–894 (2009)
Abstract
The linearity of the secular variation of the Earth’s magnetic field is irregularly broken by sudden changes in its trend, known as geomagnetic jerks. Detecting these events in the temporal variations of the magnetic field components continues to be an exciting topic, mainly recently when their investigation rely not more only on observatory data, but as well as on measurements provided by satellites. We have also been interested by these magnetic events, and one of the central aims of our work has been to determine whether the satellite scalar data, obtained in the sixties and early seventies are able to reveal the existence of such a geomagnetic jerk, previously detected around 1969, in observatory annual or monthly means. For this purpose, we have used available OGO2, OGO4 and OGO6 satellite intensity data covering the period 1965–1971. Another motivation of re-processing and analyzing these old satellite datasets has been to better estimate their role in the global core field modeling, especially in describing the secular variation. Our results indicate that these ancient magnetic satellite datasets contain valuable information to characterize the secular variation over the time-span they are available, and allow to detect the geomagnetic jerk around 1969.
References
Alexandrescu, M., Database of geomagnetic observatory monthly means seeks contributors, Eos AGU, 79, 345, 1998.
Alexandrescu, M., C. Ha Duyen, and J.-L. Le Mouël, Geographical distribution of magnetic observatories and field modelling, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 46, 891–901, 1994.
Alexandrescu, M., D. Gibert, G. Hulot, J.-L. Le Mouël, and G. Saracco, Detection of geomagnetic jerks using wavelet analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 12557–12572, 1995.
Alexandrescu, M., D. Gibert, G. Hulot, J.-L. Le Mouël, and G. Saracco, Worldwide analysis of geomagnetic jerk, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21975–21994, 1996.
Backus, G. E., Non-uniqueness of the external geomagnetic field determined by surface intensity measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 6337–6341, 1970.
Backus, G. E., Determination of the external geomagnetic field determined from intensity measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1, 21, 1974.
Bloxham, J., S. Zatman, and M. Dumberry, The origin of geomagnetic jerks, Nature, 420, 65–68, 2002.
Cain, J. C., R. A. Langel, and S. J. Hendricks, First magnetic field results from the OGO-2 satellite, Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Report X-612-66-305, 1966.
Cain, J. C., S. J. Hendricks, and R. A. Langel, A proposed model for the international geomagnetic reference field-1965, Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Report X-67-173, 1967.
Chambodut, A. and M. Mandea, Evidence for geomagnetic jerks in comprehensive models, Earth Planets Space, 57(2), 139–149, 2005.
Chambodut, A., C. Eymin, and M. Mandea, Geomagnetic jerks from the Earth’s surface to the top of the core, Earth Planets Space, 59, 675–684, 2007.
Chapman, S. and J. Bartels, Geomagnetism, 2, 1049 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1940.
Chulliat, A. and K. Telali, World monthly means database project, Publ. Inst. Geophys. Pol. Acad. Sci., C-99(398), 2007.
Courtillot, V., J. Ducruix, and J.-L. Le Mouël, Sur une variation récente de la variation séculaire du champ magnétique terrestre, C. R. Acad. Sci. D, 287, 1095–1098, 1978.
Gonzalez, W., J. Joselyn, Y. Kamide, H. Kroehl, G. Rostoker, B. Tsurutani, and V. Vasyliunas, What is a geomagnetic storm?, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A4), 5771–5792, 1994.
Hamoudi, M., E. Thébault, V. Lesur, and M. Mandea, GeoForschungsZentrum Anomaly Magnetic Map (GAMMA): A candidate model for the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q06023, doi:10.1029/2007GC001638, 2007.
Holme, R., M. A. James, and H. Lühr, Magnetic field modelling from scalar-only data: Resolving the Backus effect with the equatorial electrojet, Earth Planets Space, 57, 1203–1209, 2005.
Kane, R. P., Comparison of geomagnetic changes in India and the POGO data, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 35, 1249–1252, 1973.
Kim, H. R. and S. D. King, A study of local time and longitudinal variability of the amplitude of the equatorial electrojet observed in POGO satellite data, Earth Planets Space, 51, 373–381, 1999.
Le Huy, M., M. Mandea, J.-L. Le Mouël, and A. Pais, Time evolution of the fluid flow at the top of the core, Earth Planets Space, 52, 163–173, 2000.
Lowes, F. J., Mean-square values on sphere of spherical harmonic vector fields, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 2179, 1966.
Lowes, F. J., Spatial power spectrum of the main geomagnetic field, and extrapolation to the core, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 36, 717–730, 1974.
Mandea, M. and N. Olsen, A new approach to directly determine the secular variation from magnetic satellite observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15306, doi:10.1029/2006GL026616, 2006.
Mandea, M. and M. Purucker, Measurements of the Earth’s magnetic field from space, Surv. Geophys., 26(4), 415–459, doi:10.1007/s10712-005- 3857-x, 2005.
Mandea, M., E. Bellanger, and J.-L. Le Mouël, A geomagnetic jerk for the end of the 20th century?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 183, 369–373, 2000.
Mandea, M., M. Korte, D. Mozzoni, and P. Kotzé, The magnetic field changing over the southern African continent: a unique behaviour, South Af. J. Geol., 110(2–3), doi:10.2113/gssajg.110.2-3.193, 193–202, 2007.
Mayaud, P. N., Derivation, Meaning and Use of Geomagnetic Indices, Geophysical Monograph 22, AGU, Washington D.C., 1980.
Menvielle, M. and A. Berthelier, The K-derived planetary indices: description and availability, Rev. Geophys., 29(3), 415–432, 1991.
Olsen, N. and M. Mandea, Investigation of secular variation impulse using satellite data: the 2003 geomagnetic jerk, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 255, 94–105, doi:10.1016/j.espl.2006.12.008, 2007.
Sabaka, T. J., N. Olsen, and R. A. Langel, A comprehensive model of the quiet-time, near earth magnetic field: phase 3, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 32–68, 2002.
Sabaka, T. J., N. Olsen, and M. E. Purucker, Extending comprehensive models of the earth’s magnetic field with OERSTED and CHAMP data, Geophys. J. Int., 159(2), 521–547, 2004.
Ultré-Guérard, P., M. Hamoudi, and G. Hulot, Reducing the Backus effect given some knowledge of the dip-equator, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3201–3204, 1998.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Yahiat, Y., Hamoudi, M. & Mandea, M. What ancient scalar satellite data can tell us about the 1969 geomagnetic jerk?. Earth Planet Sp 61, 885–894 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353199
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353199