Figure 4From: Stochastic forecasting of the geomagnetic field from the COV-OBS.x1 geomagnetic field model, and candidate models for IGRF-12MF and SV spectra for the COV-OBS.x1 model at Earth’s surface. MF (top) and SV (bottom) spectra are shown for epochs 2010 (black), 2015 (green), and 2020 (red). Encircled lines represent the spectra for the model errors.Back to article page