Fig. 3From: Statistical characteristics of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances revealed from the Hokkaido East and Ekaterinburg HF radar dataDiurnal dependence of the anti-wind direction occurrence rate calculated using HWM07 and GB model for three seasons. Panels a–c correspond to the Hokkaido E and F region and the Ekaterinburg E+F region, respectively. Blue, red, and magenta curves are the levels of constant MSTID azimuth occurrence rate (from Fig. 2) of 3, 5, and 10 %, respectively, on panels a and b, and 4, 6, and 9 %, respectively, on panel c Back to article page