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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 4 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 4

From: Localized field-aligned currents and 4-min TEC and ground magnetic oscillations during the 2015 eruption of Chile’s Calbuco volcano

Fig. 4

Time series of TEC and geomagnetic variations. TEC perturbations derived from a satellite PRN03 at GPS stations, a rgao, b cauq and c nihu. Time series of horizontal (d) and declination (e) component of geomagnetic field observed at Huancayo observatory. A band-pass filter of 215–235 s was used. Vertical dotted line shows the onset time of the eruption (around 21:08). Similar packet structures are seen in the red dotted rectangles in GPS-TEC and H component of geomagnetic field. There is a 608-s time difference between the two rectangles in c and d

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