Fig. 1

a Topographic map of the Marmara Region, overlain by active fault branches and earthquake data (taken from Boğaziçi University Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute’s Earthquake catalog). The yellow rectangle shows the position of the study field. The Ganos Bend and Saros Bay are also indicated as the two ends of the terrestrial GF. b Geological map of the study area modified after (Okay et al. 2010)