Fig. 11

Effect of the heterogeneity with different values of standard deviation (ε = 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07). Simulation results for the correlation length of 5 km and the S1_3.3 source model are used. a Distribution of natural logarithm of heterogeneous-to-homogeneous PGV ratio (see Fig. 7 caption for detail). b Model bias of the heterogeneous model from the homogeneous model for response spectra with mean (solid lines) and standard deviation (dashed lines). See Fig. 10 caption for detail; note that it is for one random realization