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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 5 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 5

From: Vertical fine structure and time evolution of plasma irregularities in the Es layer observed by a high-resolution Ca+ lidar

Fig. 5

Time evolution of instability structures in the \({{\text{Ca}}^{+}}_{\text{s}}\) layer at ~ 100 km is displayed with height and time integrations of 15 m and 5 s (a) and of 300 m and 10 s (b). The high height-time resolution observation (b) reveals detailed structures of the K–H instability in the \({{\text{Ca}}^{+}}_{\text{s}}\) layer

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