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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 11 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 11

From: On some features characterizing the plasmasphere–magnetosphere–ionosphere system during the geomagnetic storm of 27 May 2017

Fig. 11

vTEC (in black) as measured at SODA (67.4°N, 26.4°E), JOEN (62.4°N, 30.1°E) and RIGA (56.9°N, 24.1°E), from 26 May to 2 June 2017, in UT. SODA, JOEN and RIGA are the closest GNSS receivers to the pairs of magnetometers MUO–RAN, RAN–HAN and TAR–BRZ of the EMMA array, respectively, used to describe the latitudinal dependence of the plasmasphere dynamics as shown in Fig. 7. Corresponding values of bTEC (in red), as calculated through the IRI UP method, and tTEC = vTEC − bTEC (in blue), are also displayed. The gray shaded rectangle highlights the significant depletion of vTEC occurring in the first half of 28 May 2017, while the green ones highlight the very low values of vTEC, recorded during the nights between 28 and 29 May 2017 and between 29 and 30 May 2017, supporting the ionospheric trough movement to lower latitudes, then to lower L

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