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Earth, Planets and Space
Fig. 3 | Earth, Planets and Space

Fig. 3

From: Estimation of convergence boundary location and velocity between tectonic plates in northern Hokkaido inferred by GNSS velocity data

Fig. 3

a Locations of GEONET stations used in this study. Red lines in the northern, southern, and whole areas are the estimated boundaries in each area of analysis. Active faults (Nakata and Imaizumi 2002) are shown by black lines; (1) Sarobetsu, (2) Toikanbetsu, (3) Mashike-Toen, (4) Ishikari-Teichi-Toen faults. b Velocity profiles of three respective area plotted against the distance from the boundary. The red curves and black dots are the theoretical best fit functions and the observed velocities with 2σ errors, respectively. The gray shaded areas represent the range of 2σ model errors. c Distribution of \(\chi^{2} /\left( {N - 4} \right)\) value with varying convergence velocity and elastic thickness of three areas with the best fit boundary location and strike. Red stars show the least error domain. The bold black lines indicate a confidence interval of 95%. The gray lines are drawn at regular intervals of 100 units

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