Fig. 9

Crustal subsidence by the stormwater load of the 2019 typhoon Hagibis. a Time series of vertical coordinates of the GNSS stations over a period around 2019 October 12, located in the five flooded areas given by red boxes in b. They are the averages of seven GNSS stations from each box, i.e., 0152, 0153, 0156, 0158, 0537, 0539, 0901 (Aomori), 0201, 0205, 0211, 0212, 0581, 0920, 0945 (Fukushima), 0263, 0271, 0272, 0273, 0610, 0613, 0979 (Nagano), 0297, 0620, 0814, 0838, 3049, 3053, 3086 (Shizuoka), 0065, 0314, 0636, 1104, 1105, 1139, 1149 (Mie). On the day of the typhoon landfall (October 12), average vertical positions show clear subsidence of 1–2 cm. b Subsidence of the GNSS stations relative to the median during the ± 15 days period. The data of the individual stations are spatially smoothed with an averaging radius of 20 km