Submarine landslide source models consistent with multiple tsunami records of the 2018 Palu tsunami, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Earth, Planets and Space

Table 1 Parameters of submarine landslide mass sources

Model name	Latitude^a (°N)	Longitude^a (°E)	r₁ (km)	r₂ (km)	h (m)	Φ_bed (°)	θ (°)	t₀ (s)	Volume (km³)	Remarks
A	− 0.6832	119.8047	0.8	0.4	60	6	60	0	0.03	North of Wani (LSC1)
B	− 0.7437	119.8398	0.8	0.4	60	6	0	0	0.03	South of Wani (LSC3)
C	− 0.7075	119.8380	0.8	0.4	40	6	0	70	0.02	Off Wani (LSC2)
D	− 0.8277	119.8650	2.0	1.5	15	4	90	0	0.07	Off Dupa (LSC4)
E	− 0.8476	119.8641	2.0	1.5	15	2	90	0	0.07	Off KN Hotel (LSC5)
F	− 0.8566	119.8443	2.0	1.5	15	4	90	0	0.07	Off West Palu (LSC6)
G	Fault parameters from USGS (2018)									USGS model + Model E
G	− 0.8476	119.8641	2.0	1.5	15	2	90	0	0.07	USGS model + Model E
H	− 0.7075	119.8380	0.8	0.4	40	6	0	70	0.02	Models C + E
H	− 0.8476	119.8641	2.0	1.5	15	2	90	0	0.07	Models C + E
I	− 0.7897	119.8627	0.35	0.1	5	2	150	0	0.0003	Coastal collapse
J	Seabed deformation data from Takagi et al. (2019)

The time that the landslide masses started moving, t₀, is reported in seconds after the earthquake. All landslide masses were assumed to have \(\varPhi_{\text{int}}\) = 30° (see text)
^aReported latitudes and longitudes are for the centers of the landslide masses